schematic diagram – Strength reduction of steel at high temperatures
why needs fire protection?
Steel itself is a non-combustible material and does not catch fire like wood. However, in the event of a fire, as temperatures rise, the strength and load-bearing capacity of steel decline rapidly, and structural members may deform, become unstable, or even cause the entire structure to collapse.
Therefore, the key to fire protection in steel structures lies in controlling the rise in temperature and slowing the rate of strength loss, ensuring that the structure remains in a safe condition for a specified period during a fire.
Dakle, Zgrade od čelične konstrukcije must take fire protection measures. By improving the fire resistance rating of the structure, the steel is prevented from reaching its critical temperature too rapidly in the event of a fire, thereby avoiding severe deformation or collapse of the structure.
In doing so, they buy precious time for firefighting operations and the safe evacuation of personnel, while also minimizing potential economic losses and reducing the risk of casualties.
Two Main Methods of Fire Protection
Coatings are the most commonly used and cost-effective method for the fire protection of steel structures. Based on their fire-protection mechanisms, they are primarily categorized into two types:
Upon exposure to fire, the coating rapidly expands and foams to form a charred thermal insulation layer up to dozens of times the thickness of the original coating; suitable for applications requiring a fire resistance rating of 0.5 to 2.0 hours.
These coatings are relatively thin (ultra-thin type ≤3 mm; thin type 3–7 mm), lightweight, and aesthetically pleasing; suitable for exposed indoor steel structures.
These utilize inorganic thermal insulation materials as aggregates, relying on the materials’ inherently low thermal conductivity to provide insulation.
The coating thickness ranges from 7 to 45 mm, achieving fire resistance ratings of 1.5 to 3.0 hours.
Suitable for structural components with higher fire resistance requirements, such as columns and beams in high-rise buildings.
Važna napomena: In accordance with the GB 14907-2018 standard (KHOME steel structures are constructed based on Chinese GB standards):
The coating thickness for intumescent fireproof coatings for steel structures shall be no less than 1.5 mm, while the coating thickness for non-intumescent fire-retardant coatings for steel structures shall be no less than 15 mm.
Ultra thin Intumescent Fireproofing coatings – White -
Thin Intumescent Fireproofing coatings – Granular & white -
Ultra thin Intumescent Fireproofing coatings – Gray -
Thin Intumescent Fireproofing coatings – Granular & gray -
Non-intumescent Fireproofing coatings – Cement-based -
Non-intumescent Fireproofing coatings – Gypsum-based
Which fire protection method should be recommend?
| Steel Building Facility | Recommendation Protection | razlog |
|---|---|---|
| Airports, Stadiums,Exhibition Halls | Intumescent Coating | High appearance requirements, exposed steel |
| Commercial Complexes, Office Buildings | Intumescent Coating | High appearance requirements, numerous internal components are exposed. |
| Industrial Buildings, Warehouses | Select according to building code requirements | Consider factors such as cost, construction schedule, and aesthetics. |
| Hangars, Power Plants,Petrochemical Plants | Non-intumescent Fireproofing coating | Thick coating, durable, low cost |
| Underground Spaces,Tunnels | Non-intumescent Fireproofing coating | Poor ventilation, high humidity. spray or mortar more stable |
Izrada tankoslojene čelične konstrukcije sa vatrootpornim premazom
Vatrootporna konstrukcija premaza od čelične konstrukcije
- Kada je površina čelične podloge očišćena od rđe i tretman protiv rđe ispunjava zahtjeve, a prašina i ostali sitni su uklonjeni, može se izvesti izgradnja.
- Donji sloj se uglavnom prska. Debljina svakog spreja ne bi trebalo da prelazi debljinu prethodnog. Mora se ponovo prskati nakon što se prethodni osuši.
- Prilikom prskanja pobrinite se da je premaz potpuno zatvoren i da su obrisi jasni
- Operater treba da nosi mjerač debljine kako bi otkrio debljinu premaza i osigurao da prskanje dostigne debljinu specificiranu u projektu
- Kada dizajn zahtijeva da površina premaza bude glatka i glatka, posljednji premaz treba gleterisati kako bi se osiguralo da vanjska površina bude ravna i glatka.
Izrada vatrootpornog premaza za debeloprevučenu čeličnu konstrukciju
Vatrootporni premaz čelične konstrukcije sa debelim premazom treba prskati raspršivačem pod pritiskom. Pritisak vazduha treba da bude 1. Prečnik pištolja za prskanje treba da bude isti kao i prečnik sastojaka.
Konstrukciju prskanja treba završiti u fazama. Debljinu svakog prskanja treba uraditi nakon što se prethodno osuši ili osuši. Metodu zaštite od prskanja treba odrediti prema zahtjevima građevinskog projekta.
Tokom procesa izgradnje, operater bi trebao koristiti mjerač debljine kako bi otkrio debljinu premaza i zaustavio prskanje dok ne dostigne debljinu specificiranu u projektu.
Nakon nanošenja spreja, mastoide treba ukloniti kako bi se osigurala ujednačenost
Which components of steel structures should be provided with fire protection?
In steel structures, components requiring fire protection treatment primarily include steel columns, steel beams, roof structures, and connection joints. Fire protection for these components is crucial for enhancing the building’s overall fire resistance.
As the primary load-bearing elements of steel-structured buildings, the fire resistance of steel columns directly impacts the building’s overall safety. Consequently, steel columns must undergo rigorous fire protection treatment. Typically, fire-resistant coatings or fire-resistant boards are used to encase the columns, thereby extending their fire endurance.
Steel beams also play a vital role in steel-structured buildings. To enhance their fire resistance, appropriate fire protection measures are required. Similar to steel columns, fire-resistant coatings can be applied; additionally, fire resistance can be improved by increasing the beam’s cross-sectional dimensions or by using fire-resistant steel materials.
As the “crown” of the building, the roof structure’s fire resistance cannot be overlooked. Steel-structured buildings often utilize lightweight steel framing or space frame structures for their roofs. To improve roof fire resistance, measures such as installing fire-resistant boards or applying fire-resistant coatings can be implemented. These measures effectively inhibit the upward spread of fire and protect the roof structure from fire damage.
Connection joints serve as the interface between various components in a steel structure, and their fire resistance is critical for maintaining the building’s overall stability. High-temperature resistant fireproofing materials can be used to encase or fill these joints, ensuring they retain their stability and load-bearing capacity during a fire.
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O autoru: K-HOME
K-home Steel Structure Co., Ltd prostire se na površini od 120,000 kvadratnih metara. Bavimo se dizajnom, budžetom projekta, izradom i ugradnja PEB čeličnih konstrukcija i sendvič paneli sa kvalifikacijama za generalni ugovarač drugog razreda. Naši proizvodi pokrivaju lake čelične konstrukcije, PEB zgrade, jeftine montažne kuće, kontejnerske kuće, C/Z čelik, različiti modeli čeličnih ploča u boji, PU sendvič paneli, eps sendvič paneli, sendvič paneli od kamene vune, paneli za hladnjače, ploče za prečišćavanje i drugi građevinski materijali.