Menene Arc Welding? Fasahar Waya Karfe Tsari

Akwai hanyoyin walda da yawa a sarrafa karfe, amma baka waldi ne yafi amfani. Saboda kayan aikin walda na arc yana da sauƙi, mai sauƙi ga ma'aikata suyi aiki, kuma ingancin weld yana da aminci, akwai fa'idodi da yawa.

Arc walda za a iya raba zuwa waldi na hannu, atomatik ko Semi-atomatik nutsewar baka walda da kuma walda mai garkuwar gas bisa ga matakin sarrafa kansa da kuma nau'in kayan da ake amfani da su don kare narkakkar karfe yayin walda.

Sannan wadannan su ne hanyoyin walda na wadannan sassa na karfe.

Ƙarin Karatu: Welded Splice Haɗin gwiwa a Tsarin Karfe

3 Nau'o'in Welding Arc

1. Manual Arc Welding  

Hanyar dogara ga zafin baka ana kiransa walda. Walda na hannu wani nau'in walda ne na baka mai sandar walda da hannu, wanda aka fi amfani da shi wajen walda kayan karfe.  

Weldment da electrode biyu ne masu samar da baka, baka yana haifar da zafi mai yawa, walƙiya da narkar da lantarki, ƙarshen wutar lantarki ya narke ya zama digo, canzawa zuwa gaɓar ƙarfe na tushe na walda mai narkewa. , Samuwar tafki da jerin hadaddun halayen jiki-karfe. Yayin da baka ke motsawa, ruwan narkakkar ruwan tafki a hankali ya yi sanyi ya yi crystallizes don samar da walda.

A karkashin aikin high zafin jiki, sanyi a cikin lantarki shafi a kan karfe ƙarfafa narkakkar slag, rufe surface na narkakkar pool na karfe, shi ba zai iya kawai kare babban zafin jiki na narkakkar pool na karfe da cutarwa dauki oxygen da kuma nitrogen a cikin iska, da kuma iya shiga a cikin narkakkar pool sinadaran dauki da seeping gami, da dai sauransu, a cikin sanyaya da solidification na karfe surface, samar da m slag harsashi.

2. Arc waldi na atomatik ko Semi-atomatik  

Waldawar arc mai nutsewa ta atomatik ya fi walƙiya ta hannu saboda yawan zafin baka, don haka yana da zurfin shigar ciki, ingancin walda iri ɗaya, ƙarancin lahani na ciki, kyakkyawan filastik da taurin tasiri. Ingantattun waldan baka mai nitsewa ta atomatik tsakanin walda ta atomatik da walda ta hannu.

Bugu da kari, atomatik ko Semi-atomatik submerged baka waldi yana da babban waldi gudun, high samar da inganci, low cost da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin aiki. Duk da haka, aikace-aikacen su kuma yana iyakance ne da nasa yanayin, saboda dole ne mai walda ya motsa tare da layin jagora na walda, don haka dole ne a sami wasu yanayin aiki.

3. walda mai garkuwar gas

Hakanan aka sani da fusion gas arc waldi, CO2 ko iskar gas ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar layin kariya na gida a kusa da baka don hana mamaye iskar gas mai cutarwa da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin walda.

All-post waldi, mai kyau quality, sauri narkewa gudun, high dace, makamashi ceto, babu bukatar cire waldi slag bayan waldi, amma ya kamata a lura da cewa hankali ya kamata a biya don kauce wa iska a lokacin waldi.

Kayan walda

Kayan walda sun haɗa da lantarki, waya, foda na ƙarfe, ruwa, gas, da sauransu.

waldi sanda

Tatsin ƙarfe wanda ke cika haɗin gwiwar mai walda yayin walda gas ko lantarki. Ana yin lantarki yawanci da abu ɗaya da kayan aikin. Lantarki shine narkewar lantarki don walƙiya baka na lantarki tare da shafi, wanda ya ƙunshi shafi da kuma walƙiya.  

waldi waya

Wayar kayan walda ce ta waya da ake amfani da ita azaman karfen filler ko azaman madugu na lantarki. A cikin waldawar iskar gas da tungsten gas-garrewar arc waldi, ana amfani da wayar walda azaman ƙarfe mai filler; A cikin waldawar baka mai nutsewa, esG waldi da kuma wani waldan baka mai garkuwar GAS, wayar walda ita ce karfen filler da kuma na'urar lantarki. Fuskar wayar walda ba a lullube shi da juzu'in anti-oxidation.  

Karfe foda

Ƙarfe foda yana nufin ƙungiyar barbashi na ƙarfe wanda girmansa bai wuce 1mm ba. Single karfe foda, gami foda da wasu refractory fili foda tare da karfe Properties shi ne babban albarkatun kasa na foda metallurgy.  

ƙarƙashinsu

Flux, wanda kuma ake kira brazing agent, yana da ma'ana mai fa'ida, gami da narkakkar gishiri, kwayoyin halitta, iskar gas mai aiki, tururi na karfe, da sauransu, wato ban da karfen tushe da solder, gaba daya yana nufin nau'in abu na uku da ake amfani da shi don rage dubawa tashin hankali tsakanin tushe karfe da solder.  

Gas

Gas yana daya daga cikin muhimman jihohi hudu na kwayoyin halitta (sauran ukun su ne m, ruwa da plasma). Gases na iya haɗawa da zarra guda ɗaya (misali, iskar gas mai daraja), ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya (misali, iskar oxygen), ƙwayoyin mahalli na abubuwa da yawa (misali, carbon dioxide), da sauransu.

Sharadi da Bukatun

Welders za su kasance masu cancanta ta hanyar horo kuma su sami takaddun cancanta kafin su iya yin aikin walda.

Don mahimman welds na mahimman sassa na tsari, duka ƙarshen walda ko mahaɗar walda dole ne a buga su da lambar walda.

Kafin walda, yakamata a tsaftace sassan walda da datti kusa da saman walda, kamar sikelin oxide, mai, fenti mai lalata da sauransu.

Lokacin walda ƙasa da digiri Celsius, ya kamata a lura da waɗannan sharuɗɗan:

• Tabbatar cewa walda na iya raguwa da yardar kaina yayin walda;
• kar a yi amfani da guduma mai nauyi don buga sassan tsarin walda;
• Kafin waldawa, cire duk ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara akan sassan tsarin walda;
• Kafin waldawa, preheat bisa ga tanadi, ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki an ƙaddara bisa ga gwajin tsari.

Kafin waldi ya kamata a preheated bisa ga tanadi, dole ne a shãfe haske waldi motherboard (web), haƙarƙari farantin, partition karshen (kauri shugabanci) da kuma connector fallasa karshen ratar;

Abubuwan da aka ɓoye na tsarin ƙarfe ya kamata a haɗa su, mai rufi kuma a rufe su bayan wucewar dubawa.

Walda mai gefe biyu ya kamata ya ɗauki tushen walda, zaɓi tushen walda zai iya amfani da shebur mai huhu, goguwar carbon arc, gouging da hanyoyin sarrafa injina.

Multi-Layer walda za a ci gaba da walda, kuma kowane Layer na walda pass za a tsabtace da kuma duba a cikin lokaci bayan waldi, da kuma za a cire lahani kafin waldi.

A cikin aikin walda, yi amfani da wurin walda mai lebur kamar yadda zai yiwu.

A lokacin walda, ba za a yi amfani da lantarki tare da peeling ko tsatsa core waldi da juyi tare da damp agglomeration da slag harsashi da aka narke; Ya kamata a tsaftace wayar walda da ƙusa walda da mai da tsatsa kafin amfani.

Rukunin ginin don fara amfani da ƙarfe, kayan walda, hanyoyin waldawa, maganin zafi bayan waldawa, da dai sauransu, za su gudanar da kimanta aikin walda, rubuta rahoton kimanta tsari, da ƙayyade tsarin walda bisa ga rahoton kimantawa.

Lokacin dakatar da walda fiye da watanni 6, yakamata a sake tantancewa.

Welding, welders kamata bi da waldi tsari, ba free waldi da baka a kan tushe karfe wajen weld dutsen dutse.

Butt hadin gwiwa, t-dimbin yawa hadin gwiwa, kusurwa hadin gwiwa, giciye hadin gwiwa butt weld da butt da kuma kusurwa hadin gwiwa hadin gwiwa weld, ya kamata a saita a duka iyakar walda baka da gubar farantin, da abu da tsagi form ya kamata ya zama iri daya da weldment.

Tsawon ƙaddamarwar baka da waldar gubar: waldawar baka mai nutsewa yakamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da 50mm, waldawar baka na hannu da waldawar garkuwar gas ya kamata ya fi 20mm. Bayan walda, yakamata a yi amfani da yankan iskar gas don yanke baka da farantin gubar, kuma a goge santsi, ba za a harbe shi da guduma ba.

Weld fasa, welders ba zai rike ba tare da izni, ya kamata gano dalilin, saita gyara tsarin za a iya sarrafa. Adadin gyare-gyare na sashi ɗaya na weld bai kamata ya wuce sau biyu ba. Lokacin da aka yi fiye da sau biyu, ya kamata a gudanar da aikin gyara bisa ga tsarin gyarawa.  

Bayan walda, mai walda ya kamata ya tsaftace shingen da ke saman walda da spatter a bangarorin biyu, sannan a duba ingancin walda. Bayan wucewa da dubawa, za a yi alamar karfe ta walda a kan sashin walda da aka ƙayyade a cikin tsari.

Karfe tsarin karfe ya kamata a sanyaya zuwa yanayin zafin jiki a cikin walda, da ƙananan-alloy tsarin karfe ya kamata a welded na 24 hours kafin weld dubawa.