Arc Welding yog dab tsi? Cov Qauv Hlau Vuam Technology

Muaj ntau txoj kev vuam hauv kev ua hlau, tab sis arc welding feem ntau yog siv. Vim tias cov khoom siv vuam arc yog qhov yooj yim, yooj yim rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam yog txhim khu kev qha, muaj ntau yam zoo.

Arc vuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua phau ntawv arc vuam, tsis siv neeg lossis semi-automatic submerged arc vuam thiab gas-shielded vuam raws li qib ntawm automation ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab hom khoom siv los tiv thaiv cov hlau molten thaum vuam.

Tom qab ntawd cov hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov qauv steel.

Nyeem ntxiv: Welded Splice Joint hauv Steel Structure

3 Cov hom ntawm Arc Vuam

1. Phau ntawv Arc Vuam  

Txoj kev cia siab rau lub tshav kub ntawm lub arc yog hu ua arc vuam. Phau ntawv arc vuam yog ib hom arc vuam nrog phau ntawv vuam qws, uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv vuam ntawm steel qauv.  

Lub vuam thiab cov electrode yog ob lub electrodes uas ua rau ib tug arc, lub arc generates ntau ntawm tshav kub, lub weldment thiab melted electrode, lub electrode kawg melts los ua ib tug droplet, kev hloov mus rau lub fusion ntawm lub hauv paus hlau ntawm melted weldment. , tsim ib lub pas dej ua ke thiab ib tug series ntawm complex lub cev-metallurgical tshuaj. Raws li lub arc txav mus, cov kua molten pas dej ua ke maj mam txias thiab crystallizes los ua ib tug weld.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kub kub, txias nyob rau hauv lub electrode txheej ntawm cov hlau reinforced molten slag, npog lub nto ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke ntawm hlau, nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub siab kub ntawm lub molten pas dej ua ke ntawm hlau thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm oxygen thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv lub pas dej molten tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab seeping alloy, thiab lwm yam, nyob rau hauv lub txias thiab solidification ntawm hlau nto, daim ntawv tiv thaiv slag plhaub.

2. Tsis siv neeg lossis semi-automatic submerged arc vuam  

Tsis siv neeg submerged arc vuam yog superior rau phau ntawv vuam vim hais tias ntawm lub concentration ntawm arc tshav kub, yog li nws muaj ib tug loj nkag mus rau hauv qhov tob, uniform weld zoo, tsawg nyob rau hauv tsis xws luag, zoo plasticity thiab tej yam toughness. Qhov zoo ntawm semi-automatic submerged arc vuam yog nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg submerged arc vuam thiab phau ntawv vuam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis siv neeg lossis semi-automatic submerged arc vuam muaj qhov vuam ceev, kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv daim ntawv thov kuj raug txwv los ntawm nws tus kheej cov xwm txheej, vim tias tus welder yuav tsum txav mus raws cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov vuam, yog li yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm.

3. Gas-shielded vuam

Kuj tseem hu ua fusion gas arc vuam, CO2 lossis inert roj yog siv los tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hauv zos nyob ib ncig ntawm arc los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa phem thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.

Txhua txoj haujlwm vuam, zoo zoo, nrawm nrawm nrawm, ua haujlwm siab, txuag hluav taws xob, tsis tas yuav tshem tawm vuam slag tom qab vuam, tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias yuav tsum tau them nyiaj kom tsis txhob muaj cua thaum vuam.

Cov khoom siv vuam

Cov khoom siv vuam muaj xws li electrodes, hlau, hlau hmoov, flux, roj, thiab lwm yam.

vuam qws

Ib txoj hlua ntawm cov hlau uas ua rau qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov welder thaum siv roj lossis hluav taws xob vuam. Cov electrode feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam li cov khoom ua haujlwm. Lub electrode yog ib qho hluav taws xob yaj rau electrode arc vuam nrog txheej, uas yog tsim los ntawm txheej thiab vuam core.  

vuam hlau

Cov hlau yog cov khoom siv vuam siv hlau siv los ua cov hlau los yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv kev siv roj welding thiab tungsten gas-shielded arc vuam, vuam hlau yog siv los ua cov hlau; Nyob rau hauv submerged arc vuam, esG vuam thiab lwm GAS-shielded arc vuam, vuam hlau yog ob qho tib si muab tub lim hlau thiab cov conductive electrode. Qhov saum npoo ntawm vuam hlau tsis yog coated nrog anti-oxidation flux.  

Hlau hmoov

Cov hmoov hlau yog hais txog cov hlau particle pawg uas nws loj dua 1 hli. Tib cov hmoov hlau, cov hmoov hlau alloy thiab qee cov hmoov hlau refractory nrog cov khoom siv hlau yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov metallurgy.  

ntws

Flux, tseem hu ua tus neeg sawv cev brazing, muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus, suav nrog cov ntsev ntsev, cov khoom siv organic, cov pa roj, hlau chav, thiab lwm yam, uas yog, ntxiv rau lub hauv paus hlau thiab solder, feem ntau yog hais txog peb hom khoom siv los ua. txo qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv paus hlau thiab solder.  

Gas

Gas yog ib qho ntawm plaub lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem (qhov peb yog cov khoom, kua thiab ntshav). Gases tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ib qho atom (piv txwv li, cov pa roj carbon monoxide), cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ib lub caij (xws li, oxygen), cov khoom sib xyaw molecules ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus (xws li carbon dioxide), thiab lwm yam.

Cov xwm txheej thiab kev xav tau

Welders yuav tsum tsim nyog los ntawm kev cob qhia thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm vuam.

Rau cov welds tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, ob qhov kawg ntawm welds los yog kev sib tshuam ntawm cov welds yuav tsum tau stamped nrog welder code.

Ua ntej welding, vuam qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov av nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub vuam, xws li oxide scale, roj, anticorrosive xim, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum vuam qis dua xoom degrees Celsius, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws:

• Xyuas kom meej tias lub vuam tuaj yeem ua kom ywj pheej thaum vuam;
• tsis txhob siv lub rauj hnyav los ntaus cov welded structural qhov chaw;
• Ua ntej vuam, tshem tawm tag nrho cov dej khov thiab cov daus ntawm cov khoom siv welded;
• Ua ntej vuam, preheat raws li cov kev cai, qhov tshwj xeeb kub yog txiav txim siab raws li cov txheej txheem kuaj.

Ua ntej vuam yuav tsum tau preheated raws li cov kev cai, yuav tsum tau muab kaw welding motherboard (web), rib phaj, muab faib kawg (thickness direction) thiab connector exposed kawg ntawm qhov sib txawv;

Npog qhov chaw ntawm steel qauv yuav tsum tau welded, coated thiab kaw tom qab dhau kev soj ntsuam.

Ob tog taub qab vuam yuav tsum xaiv vuam cag, xaiv vuam cag tuaj yeem siv pneumatic shovel, carbon arc gouging, gouging thiab mechanical processing method.

Multi-txheej vuam yuav tsum tau welded tsis tu ncua, thiab txhua txheej ntawm weld pass yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab vuam, thiab cov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej welding.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, siv lub tiaj vuam txoj hauj lwm kom deb li deb tau.

Thaum lub sij hawm vuam, yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov electrode nrog tev los yog xeb welding core thiab flux nrog damp agglomeration thiab slag plhaub uas tau yaj; Lub vuam hlau thiab vuam ntsia hlau yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov roj thiab xeb ua ntej siv.

Lub tsev tsim kho rau thawj zaug siv cov hlau, cov khoom siv vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam, kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum ua cov txheej txheem vuam, sau cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam, thiab txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem vuam raws li daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.

Welder nres vuam lub sij hawm ntau tshaj 6 lub hlis, yuav tsum tau rov ntsuam xyuas.

Vuam, welders yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam, tsis pub dawb vuam thiab arc ntawm lub hauv paus hlau sab nraum lub vuam hlaws.

Lub pob tw, t-shaped sib koom tes, kaum sib koom ua ke, hla kev sib koom ua ke pob tw weld thiab pob tw thiab lub kaum ntse ntse sib txuas ua ke, yuav tsum tau teem rau ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm vuam arc thiab cov phaj hlau, cov khoom siv thiab cov ntawv zawj yuav tsum zoo ib yam li cov vuam.

Qhov ntev ntawm kev pib arc thiab cov hlau lead weld: submerged arc vuam yuav tsum siab tshaj 50mm, phau ntawv arc vuam thiab roj-shielded vuam yuav tsum siab tshaj 20mm. Tom qab vuam, cov roj txiav yuav tsum tau siv los txiav tawm cov arc thiab cov phaj hlau, thiab polished du, yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tua nrog rauj.

Weld tawg, welders yuav tsum tsis txhob kov yam tsis muaj kev tso cai, yuav tsum nrhiav kom paub qhov laj thawj, teeb tsa cov txheej txheem kho tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev kho ntawm ib feem ntawm lub vuam yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ob zaug. Thaum ua tiav ntau tshaj ob zaug, cov txheej txheem kho yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem kho.  

Tom qab vuam, tus welder yuav tsum ntxuav cov slag rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub vuam thiab cov spatter ntawm ob sab, thiab xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam. Tom qab dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, tus welder tus hlau cim yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub vuam seam ib feem teev nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem.

Carbon structural steel yuav tsum tau txias rau lub ambient kub nyob rau hauv lub weld, thiab low-alloy structural steel yuav tsum tau welded rau 24 teev ua ntej weld soj ntsuam.