Mwachidule, Steel Frame Structure Installation imatanthawuza kutenga zida zachitsulo zomwe zidapangidwa kale - monga mizati yachitsulo, zitsulo zachitsulo, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo - zomwe zimapangidwira pasadakhale ndi fakitale, kenako kusonkhanitsa, kujowina, ndikuziteteza pang'onopang'ono pomanga molingana ndi zofunikira za zojambula zomanga, ndipo pomaliza kumanga chimango chonyamula katundu.
Ili ndi mgwirizano wapafupi kwambiri ndi "zitsulo dongosolo unsembe"; Yoyamba ndi sitepe yaikulu kwambiri yotsirizira." Pakalipano, "chitsulo chachitsulo" chimadalira pazitsulo zonse zazitsulo zazitsulo, ndipo mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi kukhazikika kwachitsulo chokhazikika zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi izo.
Kuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo: Momwe Mungamalizire Kukonzekera Kwazikulu Kwambiri?
Kukonzekera koyambirira ndi maziko a kupita patsogolo kosalala kwa chitsulo chimango unsembe. Kunyalanyaza tsatanetsatane wokonzekera kungayambitse mosavuta kukonzanso pambuyo pake, kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito onse. Kusanthula mosamala mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kukonzekera koyambirira kwa kukhazikitsa zitsulo kumathandizira kupewa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Fotokozani Miyezo Yaumisiri ndi Zofunikira Pakuyika Kwachitsulo chachitsulo
Asanayambe kuyika zitsulo zachitsulo, ogwira ntchito zaluso ayenera kudziwa bwino zojambula zomangira, kuyang'ana miyeso, mapangidwe ophatikizana, ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu zachitsulo, ndikumveketsa bwino cholinga chake. Ngati ndi kotheka, konzekerani mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo zojambulazo ziyenera kuwunikiridwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi gawo loyambirira lopanga. Kupanga dongosolo lapadera la zomangamanga, kufotokoza njira zogwirira ntchito, miyezo yapamwamba, ndi kugawa kwazinthu pa ndondomeko iliyonse. Pambuyo pa chivomerezo, perekani chidziwitso chaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziwani ndondomeko yoyezera ndi kuyikapo, ndikufotokozerani makonzedwe a maukonde olamulira ndi malo olondola a zigawo.
Konzani Malo Ogwirira Ntchito Kuti Mupititse Bwino Pamalo Pamapangidwe a Structural Steel Frame Construction
Choyamba, sankhani ndi kuyeretsa malowo, kuwagawa m'zigawo zosungiramo zinthu, zogwirizanitsa, zokwezera, ndi maofesi - iliyonse ili ndi ntchito zomveka bwino kuti zisasokonezeke. Limitsani misewu yamagalimoto olemetsa ndi malo owunjika ngati pakufunika kuonetsetsa kuti mazikowo amathandizira zida ndi zigawo zake, kupewa kukhazikika.
Kenaka, anakhazikitsani maofesi osakhalitsa ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi madzi, magetsi, ndi zida zotetezera moto. Konzani misewu yolowera ndi madera okwera kuti athe kuyenda bwino komanso kuyimika magalimoto ndi zida zokhazikika.
Pomaliza, pogwiritsa ntchito zilolezo zoperekedwa ndi eni ake, khazikitsani maukonde owongolera ndege pamalopo ndi malo okwera okhala ndi miyeso yolimba-kuyika maziko enieni oyika chitsulo chotsatira.
Konzekerani Zida Zokwanira ndi Ogwira Ntchito Pakuyika Kwamapangidwe a Smooth Steel Frame
Liti zitsulo kapangidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu akafika pamalowa, ayang'ane zomwe akufuna, mitundu yawo, ndi kuchuluka kwawo, kutsimikizira ziphaso zoyenerera ndi ziphaso zakuthupi, ndikuwunika mawonekedwe awo mwachisawawa. Zida zokhala ndi deformation kapena dzimbiri zidzabwezeredwa mwachindunji. Zipangizo zolumikizira (mabawuti amphamvu kwambiri, ndodo zowotcherera) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zidapangidwa, zokhala ndi ziphaso zovomerezeka ndi malipoti obwereza. Ma batch-mayeso amphamvu kwambiri ma bolt a torque coefficient. Sankhani makina oyendetsa galimoto / zokwawa ndi zida zotengera kulemera kwake ndi kutalika kwake; konzani zida monga ma theodolites ndi ma torque wrenches, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zoyezera zatsimikizika komanso zovomerezeka. Sonkhanitsani gulu la akatswiri omwe ali ndi maudindo omveka bwino. Onetsetsani kuti akatswiri ovomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, oyendetsa ma crane, owotcherera) amaliza chitetezo ndi maphunziro aukadaulo a chimango chachitsulo.
Malizitsani Kukhazikitsa Kuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo
Khwerero 1 pa Kuyimitsidwa kwa Zitsulo: Yang'anani Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo Zoyambira Kukonzekera
Maziko ndi maziko a chitsulo chimango erection. Choyamba, dziwani mtundu wa maziko molingana ndi cholinga cha nyumbayo (monga fakitale, nyumba yamaofesi) - mwachitsanzo, sankhani maziko a mulu wofuna kunyamula katundu wa fakitale ndi maziko odziyimira pawokha okhazikika pomanga ofesi, kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana ndi kupsinjika kwa chimango. Ntchito zazikulu zitatu ziyenera kuchitidwa bwino:
Choyamba, pambuyo pomanga mazikowo, m'pofunika kutsimikizira ngati mphamvu yake yonyamulira ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe kuti mupewe mavuto okhazikika pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa chimango; Chachiwiri, yesani kukwera kwa maziko kuti muwonetsetse kuti cholakwikacho chikuwongoleredwa mkati mwazovomerezeka; Chachitatu, fufuzani ma bolts ophatikizidwa - monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ziwalo zachitsulo ku maziko, m'pofunika kuyang'ana ngati malo awo, verticality ndi kutalika kowonekera zikugwirizana ndi miyezo. Kupatuka kwakukulu kwa malo kudzakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa mizati yazitsulo.
Khwerero 2 pa Kuyika kwa Zitsulo: Kuyang'ana ndi Kukonzekera Kwazinthu Zopangira Zitsulo
Maziko ndi maziko a chitsulo chimango erection. Choyamba, dziwani mtundu wa maziko molingana ndi cholinga cha nyumbayo (monga fakitale, nyumba yamaofesi) - mwachitsanzo, sankhani maziko a mulu wofuna kunyamula katundu wa fakitale ndi maziko odziyimira pawokha okhazikika pomanga ofesi, kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana ndi kupsinjika kwa chimango. Ntchito zazikulu zitatu ziyenera kuchitidwa bwino:
- Choyamba, pambuyo pomanga mazikowo, m'pofunika kutsimikizira ngati mphamvu yake yonyamulira ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe kuti mupewe mavuto okhazikika pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa chimango.
- Chachiwiri, yesani kukwera kwa maziko kuti muwonetsetse kuti cholakwikacho chikuwongoleredwa mkati mwazovomerezeka.
- Chachitatu, yang'anani ma bolts ophatikizidwa - monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ziwalo zachitsulo ku maziko, m'pofunika kuyang'ana ngati malo awo, kukwera kwake, ndi kutalika kwake zikukwaniritsa miyezo. Kupatuka kwakukulu kwa malo kudzakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa mizati yazitsulo.
Khwerero 3: Gawo Lofunika Kwambiri Kuyika Kwazitsulo zachitsulo
Kuyika koyambira (kukweza ndi kulumikiza) ndi ulalo wofunikira pakuyika kwa Steel Frame Structure Installation ndipo kuyenera kuyendetsedwa motsatira ndondomekoyi:
Choyamba, konzekerani zokwezera: sankhani zida zoyenera zokwezera (monga ma cranes agalimoto, ma cranes a nsanja) molingana ndi kulemera ndi kukula kwa zida zachitsulo. Pozindikira malo okwera, pewani magawo ofooka a zigawozo kuti mupewe kupendekera pakukweza. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani kuvala kwa zida zokwezera, monga zingwe zachitsulo ndi mbedza, kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo chogwira ntchito. Ndiye kuchita hoisting mu ndondomeko ya "kukhazikitsa mizati zitsulo choyamba, ndiye zitsulo mizati, kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba": choyamba kwezani mizati zitsulo ku malo anaika, kulumikiza iwo ndi ophatikizidwa maziko mabawuti ndi kukonza mongoyembekezera, ndiye kwezani matabwa zitsulo ndi agwirizane ndi zitsulo ndime kugwirizana mfundo.
Pomaliza, malizitsani kukonza. Njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri amafunikira kumangirizidwa ku torque yodziwika kuti asamasulidwe; pa kuwotcherera, panopa ndi voteji ayenera kulamulidwa bwino kuonetsetsa kuti weld kutalika ndi kutalika amakwaniritsa zofunika kapangidwe ndi kupewa mavuto monga kulowa kosakwanira ndi ming'alu.
Khwerero 4: Kuyanjanitsa kwa Zitsulo za Frame Kuwongolera Zopotoka za Mafelemu
Mukamaliza kukweza, simungalowe mwachindunji ndondomeko yotsatirayi, ndipo muyenera kuwongolera kupotoka kwa chimango choyamba. Pa ntchito inayake, gwiritsani ntchito mulingo kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zachitsulo, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito siteshoni yonse kuti muyeze kutalika kwa mizati yachitsulo ndi kupatuka konse kwa axis kwa chimango.
- Ngati chitsulo cha verticality verticality kupatuka chikuposa miyezo, sinthani mtedza wa mabawuti ophatikizidwa kapena yonjezerani mapepala oyenerera pansi pa mizati yachitsulo kuti musinthe bwino.
- Ngati chitsulo chamtengo wapatali sichikukwanira, sinthani makulidwe a ma gaskets pamalumikizidwe apakati pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi mizati.
Chitani zowongolera m'magawo ndikuwunikanso pambuyo pa kusintha kulikonse mpaka zizindikiro zonse zikwaniritse zofunikira - mwachitsanzo, kupotoza kosunthika kwa mizati yachitsulo sikudutsa 1/1000 ya kutalika kwa ndime.
Khwerero 5 Pakuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo: Malizitsani Kuvomereza Kuyika
Kuvomereza ndiye ulalo womaliza wofunikira pakuyika kwa Steel Frame Structure Installation ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zojambula zamapangidwe ndi miyezo yamakampani. Yang'anani pakutsimikizira:
Kuvomereza ndi gawo lomaliza lofunika kwambiri la kuika zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimayendetsedwa mogwirizana ndi zojambula zojambula ndi ndondomeko zamakampani. Yang'anani pakutsimikizira kutsatiridwa kwa nkhwangwa ndi kukwera kwa zida zachitsulo, kuwunika ngati torque yomangitsa bawuti ikugwirizana ndi miyezo, kutsimikizira mtundu wolumikizirana wowotcherera kudzera pakuwunika kowona kapena kuyesa kosawononga (NDT), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makulidwe ake ndi kupatuka kwake kumakhalabe m'migawo yovomerezeka.
Mfundo Zofunikira pakuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo: Chepetsani Bwino Zowopsa Zachitetezo
Ma Protocol a Chitetezo kwa Oyika Zitsulo za Zitsulo mu Kuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo
Chitetezo cha zitsulo chimango installers ndi chofunika kwambiri pomanga zitsulo chimango, kumafuna kutsatira mosamalitsa zofunika unsembe chitetezo. Ogwira ntchito onse ayenera kuvala zipewa zolimba polowa pamalo omanga; pogwira ntchito pamtunda, ayenera kumangirira malamba otetezeka ndi kuvala nsapato zosasunthika kuti asagwe.
Kwa ntchito zapamwamba, zida zoponyera kapena zigawo ndizoletsedwa-zida ziyenera kusungidwa bwino m'matumba a zida. Pantchito zokwezera, madera ochenjeza ayenera kulembedwa pansi pa ma crane booms, ndi ogwira ntchito odzipereka kuti ateteze anthu kuti asalowe m'malo oopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse fufuzani magwiridwe antchito a hoisting ndi kuwotcherera zida. Ngati phokoso lachilendo kapena zolakwika zizindikirika, siyani kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo; zida zimangobwerera kuntchito pambuyo pokonzanso, kuonetsetsa chitetezo pazigawo zonse.
Kuwongolera Ubwino Wazinthu Pakuyika Kwamapangidwe a Zitsulo
Kuwongolera kwazinthu zamapangidwe azitsulo kumakhazikika pazigawo ziwiri zofunika: Chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kukwaniritsa mphamvu zomwe zafotokozedwa pamapangidwewo ndi kubwera ndi chiphaso chathunthu - chitsulo chadzimbiri, chosweka, kapena chosadziwika sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zothandizira monga ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri, zowotcherera, ndi ma gaskets ziyenera kufanana ndendende ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ndikukhala ndi ziphaso zovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri amafunikira malipoti a torque coefficient test kuti aletse kulephera kulumikizidwa kwa zida zachitsulo chifukwa cha zida zotsika mtengo.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zachilengedwe mu Steel Frame Construction
Mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe imatha kukhudza kupita patsogolo ndi mtundu wa Kuyika kwa Steel Frame Structure, zomwe zimafuna mayankho achangu:
- M’nyengo yamvula: Pewani kuwotcherera panja (mvula imasokoneza ubwino wa weld) pokhazikitsa malo osungira mvula kwakanthawi. Phimbani zigawo zachitsulo zomwe zaikidwa ndi nsalu zopanda madzi kuti musachite dzimbiri.
- Mphepo yamkuntho: Imitsani kukwera pamwamba pamene mphepo ikuthamanga kwambiri kuposa Gawo 6 - mphepo yamphamvu imayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo azikhala ovuta komanso omwe angayambitse ngozi.
- Kutentha kwambiri: Yang'anirani matenthedwe achitsulo panthawi yowotcherera, kusintha magawo (mwachitsanzo, kuwotcherera kwagawo) ngati pakufunika. Perekani njira zoziziritsira kwa oyika kuti apewe kutentha.
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