Mfundo Zapangidwe Zakukhazikika Kwakapangidwe kachitsulo

Kudalirika: Monga fomu yayikulu yomanga muzomangamanga, zitsulo kapangidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zokambirana zazikulu, milatho ndi nyumba zazitali. Chitsulo chomanga chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo chimakhala ndi ubwino wambiri monga anti-deformation, corrosion resistance, kukana zivomezi komanso zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe, kotero kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe.

Zomangamanga zachitsulo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kukhazikika kwawo, monga chizindikiro chofunikira, kumatsimikizira mwachindunji moyo wautumiki wa nyumbayo. Kutengera K-homeZaka zambiri za luso la zomangamanga, pepalali likukambirana za kukhazikika kwazitsulo zazitsulo mu zomangamanga ndikupereka maumboni azinthu zofanana.

Maulosi

Pakukula kwaumisiri waumisiri womangamanga, kapangidwe kachitsulo kamakhala ndi malo ofunikira. Pakalipano, monga zomangamanga zodziwika bwino, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, makamaka muzomangamanga. mafakitale, milatho, ma eyapoti, malo owonetsera zisudzo, nyumba zazitali kwambiri. ndi nyumba zina zazikulu.

M'zaka zapitazi, chifukwa cha luso losasunthika losungunula zitsulo komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wazitsulo zomangamanga, kulimba kwake ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kunapanga zitsulo zazitsulo zomwe sizinali zamtengo wapatali m'munda wa zomangamanga, ndipo zinakhala zotsalira komanso pafupifupi kuthetsedwa.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikupita patsogolo kwaumisiri wosungunula zitsulo, zitsulo zolimba kwambiri, zolimba kwambiri, zosagwira dzimbiri zapangidwa mochuluka, ndipo nyumba zachitsulo zakhala zikuyanjidwanso ndi omanga nyumba, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomanga, yathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kulemera kwa nyumbayo ndikuwongolera chitetezo chonse cha nyumbayo.

Ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa zomangamanga, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo kwakula kwambiri, ndipo zovuta zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsiridwa ntchito zapereka mayeso owopsa a kukhazikika kwake.

Lingaliro la Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, kamangidwe kazitsulo ndi mtundu wa zomangamanga zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga zopangira zopangira zomangamanga. Kupyolera mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo monga zitsulo zachitsulo, mbale zachitsulo, ndi mizati yachitsulo, kuwotcherera, kugwedeza ndi njira zina zolumikizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangana ndi kusonkhana kuti amange nyumba zazikulu. Zomangamanga zachitsulo zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitsulo ngati chinthu chachikulu.

Zosiyana ndi konkire wamba ndi zipangizo zina zomangira, zitsulo zimakhala ndi zolemera zopepuka, zolimba zolimba, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimatha kupirira mphamvu zazikulu. Choncho, mapangidwe azitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga nyumba zazikulu ndi zazikulu. Chitsulocho chimakhala ndi dongosolo lokhazikika ndipo sichimawonongeka mosavuta, chomwe chingapereke chitetezo chabwino ndi kukhazikika kwa nyumbayo. Komabe, muzochitika zina zapadera, kusakhazikika kwachitsulo chachitsulo kungakhalenso.

Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimafanana: imodzi ndi yakuti kupanikizika kwakukulu kumagwira ntchito mwachindunji pamtunda wa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kosagwirizana ndi dongosolo lonse. Chinanso ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mamembala azitsulo zazitsulo, mawonekedwe amkati amakhala ndi mavuto monga kutopa m'maganizo, ndipo mawonekedwe amkati amataya ntchito yake yothandizira, zomwe zimabweretsa kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo lonse.

Musanayambe kupanga zitsulo, m'pofunika kufotokoza bwino za kukhazikika kwa kamangidwe kameneka, kuti mukhale ndi ndondomeko yokonzekera, kupewa zofooka zamapangidwe, kupereka masewera olimbitsa thupi ku ubwino wa zitsulo, ndikupanga zitsulo m'nyumba zimasewera bwino. udindo.

Mfundo Zowongolera Kukhazikika Kwamapangidwe Azitsulo

Kukhazikika kwachitsulo ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo. Muzochita zaumisiri wanthawi yayitali komanso kafukufuku wazongoyerekeza, mainjiniya ndi akatswiri afotokozera mwachidule mfundo zitatu zamapangidwe kuti zithandizire kukhazikika kwazitsulo.

1. Mfundo Yakukhazikika

Mfundo ya kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kachitsulo kamangidwe kameneka imafuna kuti pagawo lojambula chojambula chojambula chojambula chachitsulo, chojambula chojambula chachitsulo chiyenera kujambulidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za nyumba zosiyanasiyana, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbali zothandizira chojambula chojambula chachitsulo chachitsulo ndikuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo Kukhazikika mu ndege ya malowa.

Kukhazikika kwazitsulo zachitsulo pa ndege ndi maziko ndi maziko a kukhazikika kwazitsulo zonse. Pokhapokha poonetsetsa kuti zigawo zazitsulo zazitsulo zimakhalabe zokhazikika pa ndege tingapewe kusakhazikika kwa malo a munthu payekha panthawi yomanga katatu.

2. Mfundo ya Umodzi

Kuwerengera molondola ndiko maziko ndi maziko a kapangidwe kazitsulo. Popanga mafelemu achitsulo, njira yowerengera ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeka ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ubale wabwino pakati pa chimango ndi chimangocho.

Gawo ili ndiye chinsinsi cha kuwerengera mphamvu ya kapangidwe kazitsulo zonse. ulalo. Komabe, muzochita, okonza ambiri adzadalira kwambiri pazochitika zaumwini, ndikuchita mwachindunji kuwerengetsa kukhazikika kwachitsulo chokhazikika chachitsulo malinga ndi zomwe akumana nazo ndikunyalanyaza masitepe owerengera bwino.

Njira imeneyi ntchito alibe sayansi ndi mabuku mawerengedwe deta, ndipo n'zosavuta chifukwa zolakwa mawerengedwe a ubale khola. Chotsatira chake, mapangidwe a zitsulo amalephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu za nyumbayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zotetezeka.

Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kofanana ndi kuwerengera kukhazikika kuyenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi, ndipo ziwirizi ndizofunikira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana.

3. Mfundo Yamgwirizano

Chitsulo chonsecho chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zachitsulo chimodzi kupyolera mu kuwotcherera, kugwedeza, kukonza zitsulo ndi njira zina zolumikizirana, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapanga nyumba yaikulu yomanga. [3] Choncho, popanga mapangidwe azitsulo, kugwirizanitsa zigawo zosiyana siyana kuyenera kuganiziridwa, kaya zigawo zazikulu kapena zazing'ono ziyenera kugwirizana wina ndi mzake, ndipo potsiriza zikhoza kuphatikizidwa mwangwiro kukhala chitsulo cholimba chonse. Popanga mapangidwe azitsulo, kukhazikika kwa chigawo chimodzi chachitsulo sikungathe kuganiziridwa kokha, ndipo zikhalidwe za zigawo zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama, ndipo kuwerengera koyenera kophatikizana kuyenera kuchitika. Pokhapokha pamene chigawo chilichonse chikugwirizana bwino ndi momwe dongosolo lonse likhoza kukhala lokhazikika, kukulitsa udindo wa chigawo chilichonse, ndikuwonetsetsa mphamvu zonse za dongosololi.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri Pamapangidwe Azitsulo Zokhazikika

1. Kupanga Mphamvu

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za kamangidwe kachitsulo ndi kupsinjika kwake. Popanga, mphamvu yonyamula katundu wazitsulo ndizoyamba kuganizira.

Kapangidwe kachitsulo kamene kamakhala kamene kamatengera mawonekedwe a T kapena L, omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi okhazikika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mawonekedwe awiriwa kungathe kufalitsa kulemera kwake kwa nyumbayo ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha chithandizo choyenera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, zitsulo zachitsulo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphepete mwa nyumba, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pothandizira nyumbayo. Pamapangidwe onse a nyumbayi, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo ziyenera kutsata mfundo yofananira momwe zingathere.

Cholinga chake ndi kulola chitsulo chilichonse kunyamula mphamvu ya nyumba yonseyo mofanana ndi kuteteza zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse kuti zisapirire kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri.

Kuonjezera apo, kupanikizika ndi kukhazikika zofunikira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zazitsulo zazitsulo zimakhalanso zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa chithandizo chokhazikika muzitsulo zachitsulo ndikuletsa kusamuka, kotero mphamvu yothandizira gawoli imayenera kukhala yapamwamba, koma kwa chitsulo chachitsulo chachitsulo, kuwonjezera pa kusewera gawo lothandizira longitudinal, ndilofunikanso. koyenera kuganizira zoletsa kuti zisachitike pamalo opingasa.

Makhalidwe opanikizika a magawo osiyanasiyana a zitsulo zachitsulo ayenera kuwonetsedwa muzojambula kuti apewe kusakhazikika chifukwa cha kulingalira kosakwanira. Potsirizira pake, ntchito yeniyeni yomanga yachitsulo ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito yomanga pamalowo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa zojambulazo, kuchepetsa zolakwika zomanga, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti, kumanga motsatira miyezo, ndi kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe kazinthu.

2. Anti-Corrosion Design

Nyumba zitha kukokoloka m'malo osiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pamalo ogwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera monga chinyezi ndi kutsitsi kwa mchere, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha zitsulo, zimawonongeka mosavuta ndipo zimakhudza kukhazikika kwake.

Nthawi zambiri, zida zachitsulo zimatha kuwonongeka ndi galvanic komanso kuwononga mankhwala. Sayansi yamakono yamakono yapanga zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.

M’malo a chinyontho, kupaka utoto wothina ndi dzimbiri pamwamba pa chitsulocho kungathe kulekanitsa madzi ndi mpweya, zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri zachitsulo, ndikulepheretsa kuti chitsulocho chisawonongeke. Pazinthu zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amchere wambiri, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa dzimbiri la electrochemical ndi ayoni a sodium m'madzi am'nyanja.

Malinga ndi mfundo ya electrochemical reaction, zitsulo zakuthupi zimakhala chimodzi mwazinthuzo. Njirayi imatha kuthetsa vuto lazitsulo zazitsulo. Vuto la corrosion, kuti zitsimikizire kulimba kwa chitsulo chokhazikika ndikukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake.

3. Mapangidwe Ogwirizana Okhazikika

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe azitsulo ndi zomangamanga, kuwonjezera pa kuwerengera kukhazikika, m'pofunikanso kulimbikitsa kuyang'anitsitsa kwazitsulo zonse. Kuyang'anitsitsa mozama ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zamapangidwe azitsulo ndizoyenerera komanso zimakwaniritsa zofunikira. Njira yowerengera zovuta kwambiri ndi njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira kuchuluka kwa kukakamiza kwa zida zachitsulo pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kapangidwe kachitsulo.

Pamene zotsatira za kuyeza kwa kupanikizika pazitsulo zazitsulo zimaposa mtengo wofunikira, zimatsimikizira kuti kukhazikika kwake kwawonongeka, ndipo kupanikizika kwazitsulo zazitsulo ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi kuti zisawonongeke.

Samalani kusanthula mphamvu ya gawo lililonse mkati mwa chitsulo dongosolo, kukhathamiritsa tsatanetsatane mphamvu ya mbali, kupewa vuto la mphamvu mkangano ndi zimakhudza wonse structural chitetezo. Mwachidule, kukhazikika kwazitsulo zachitsulo kumakhudza kwambiri chitetezo chonse ndi moyo wautumiki wa nyumbayo.

Popanga mapangidwe azitsulo, wopangayo ayenera kuwerengera molondola, kuganizira mozama mgwirizano wa mphamvu pakati pa zigawozo, ndikuchita zabwino zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zachitsulo, kupewa kuperewera kwa chitsulo mpaka kufika pamlingo waukulu, ndikupereka zonse. sewerani pazabwino zamapangidwe achitsulo, potero kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kopitilira muyeso wa zomangamanga.