8 Ruzivo Rwekutanga NezveSimbi Chimiro

Mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro emaguta ari kukurumidza uye nekukurumidza, uye prefabricated steel structure building indasitiri yakawana budiriro isati yamboitika. Vanhu vane yepamusoro uye yepamusoro zvinodiwa pakugoneka uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa. Mukugadzira engineering yemazuva ano, kugadzirwa kwesimbi ine zvimwe zvakanakira, uye kushandiswa kwayo mukuvaka kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Yakasanganiswa nemakore eruzivo rwebasa, K-home yakapfupikiswa 8 nyanzvi yeruzivo rwekutanga nezve simbi chimiro, zvirimo zvakareba, ndapota zviverenge nemoyo murefu:

1. Hunhu hweSimbi Kuumbwa:

1. Chimiro chesimbi chine lightweight
2. Kuvimbika kwakanyanya kwebasa rekugadzira simbi
3. Iyo simbi ine yakanaka vibration kuramba (kuvhunduka) uye kukanganisa kupikisa
4. Chimiro chesimbi chinogona kuunganidzwa zvakarurama uye nekukurumidza
5. Zviri nyore kugadzira chimiro chakavharwa
6. Simbi chimiro chiri nyore kuita ngura
7. Kusagadzikana kwemoto kupikisa kwechimiro chesimbi

2. Magiredhi Uye Properties Yezvinowanzo shandiswa Simbi Structures

1. Carbon chimiro simbi: Q195, Q215, Q235, Q255, Q275, nezvimwe.
2. Low alloy high simba structural simbi
3. Yepamusoro-mhando kabhoni structural simbi uye alloy structural simbi
4. Special chinangwa simbi

3. Nheyo dzeKusarudzwa kwezvinhu zveSimbi Zvimiro

Nheyo yekusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwesimbi ndeyekuvimbisa kutakura kutakura kwechimiro chekutakura uye kudzivirira brittle kukundikana pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Iyo inotariswa zvakakwana maererano nekukosha kwechimiro, hunhu hwemutoro, chimiro chechimiro, mamiriro ekushushikana, nzira yekubatanidza, ukobvu hwesimbi uye nharaunda yekushanda. ye.

Mhando ina dzesimbi dzakarongwa mu "Code for Design of Steel Structures" GB50017-2003 ndiyo "yakakodzera" mhando uye ndiyo yekutanga sarudzo kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira. Kushandiswa kwemamwe marudzi hakubvumirwi, chero bedzi iyo simbi inoshandiswa inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekutsanangurwa.

Chechina, iyo huru yehunyanzvi yemukati yesimbi chimiro:

(a) Tekinoroji yepamusoro-soro yesimbi. Zvinoenderana neurefu hwechivako uye dhizaini zvinodiwa, furemu, tsigiro yefuremu, silinda uye hofori furemu chimiro zvinoshandiswa zvakateerana, uye zvikamu zvinogona kuve simbi, yakaoma yakasimbiswa kongiri kana simbi chubhu kongiri. Nhengo dzesimbi dzakareruka uye dzine ductile, uye dzinogona kusungirirwa kana kukungurutswa, iyo inokodzera zvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro; nhengo dzakasimba dzakasimbiswa dzekongiri dzine kusimba kwepamusoro uye kumira kwakanaka kwemoto, uye inokodzera zvivakwa zvepakati nepamusoro-soro kana zvivako zvepasi; simbi pombi kongiri zviri nyore kuvaka, For column zvimiro chete.

(b) Tekinoroji yekugadzira simbi yemuchadenga. Iyo nzvimbo yesimbi chimiro ine zvakanakira kuve isina kureruka, yakakwirira kuomarara, kutaridzika kwakanaka uye nekukurumidza kuvaka kukurumidza. Iyo bhora rakabatana furati grid, multi-layer variable-section grid uye reticulated shell ine pombi yesimbi sezvo tsvimbo ndiwo marudzi emuumbirwo ane huwandu hukuru hwenzvimbo yesimbi dhizaini munyika yangu. Iyo ine zvakanakira nzvimbo yakakura kuomarara uye yakaderera simbi kushandiswa uye inogona kupa yakakwana CAD mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kuongorora maitiro. Pamusoro peiyo grid chimiro, kune zvakare hombe-span yekumisa tambo zvimiro uye tambo-membrane zvimiro munzvimbo dzemuchadenga.

(c) Chiedza chesimbi yekugadzira tekinoroji. Chimiro chitsva chechimiro chinosanganisira madziro nemahamvuropu edenga chinogadzirwa nemahwendefa esimbi ane mavara akajeka. Simbi yakareruka inoumbwa nechikamu chikuru-chakatetepa-chakakomberedzwa H-yakavezwa simbi yemadziro matanda uye edenga purlins akakwenenzverwa kana kukungurutswa nemarata esimbi pamusoro pe5mm, simbi yakatenderera yakagadzirwa neanochinjika ekutsigira masisitimu uye yakakwirira-simba mabhaudhi akabatana. 30m kana kupfuura, kureba kunogona kusvika kupfuura mamita gumi, uye ma cranes akareruka anogona kumiswa. Nhamba yesimbi inoshandiswa ndeye 20-30kg / m2. Ikozvino kune akajairwa dhizaini maitiro uye mabhizinesi akasarudzika ekugadzira, ane yakanaka chigadzirwa mhando, kukurumidza kumisikidza kumhanya, kureruka, kuderera kwekudyara, uye kuvaka hakuganhurwe nemwaka, inokodzera marudzi ese emwenje maindasitiri zvidyarwa.

(d) Simbi-kongiri inoumba chimiro tekinoroji. Iyo danda uye mbiru inotakura-inotakura dhizaini inoumbwa nechikamu chesimbi kana simbi manejimendi uye kongiri zvikamu isimbi-kongiri inoumbwa chimiro, uye yayo yekushandisa yave ichiwedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Chimiro chemusanganiswa chine zvakanakira zvese simbi nekongiri, ine yakakwira simba rese, kusimba kwakanaka, uye yakanaka seismic kuita. Kana iyo yekunze kongiri dhizaini inoshandiswa, ine zviri nani kupikisa moto uye kusagadzikana kwegora. Nhengo dzakasanganiswa dzemaitiro dzinogona kazhinji kuderedza huwandu hwesimbi ne15 kusvika 20%. Iyo inoumbwa pasi uye kongiri-yakazadzwa simbi tubular zvikamu zvakare zvine zvakanakira zvezvishoma kana zvisina formwork, zviri nyore uye zvinokurumidza kuvaka, uye hukuru hwekusimudzira. Inokodzera matanda emapuranga, makoramu uye pasi dzeakawanda-nhurikidzwa kana yakakwirira-kukwira zvivakwa zvine mitoro mikuru, chivako cheindasitiri mbiru uye pasi, nezvimwewo.

(e) High-simba bhaudhi yekubatanidza uye welding tekinoroji. High-simba mabhoti anoendesa kushushikana kuburikidza nekukwesha uye anoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: mabhaudhi, nzungu uye washers. Iyo yakakwirira-yakasimba bhaudhi yekubatanidza ine zvakanakira zvekuvaka zviri nyore, kuchinjika kuputsa, yakakwirira kutakura kugona, kwakanaka kuneta kuramba uye kuzvivharira, uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro. Yakatsiva riveting uye chikamu welding mupurojekiti uye yave nzira huru yekubatanidza mukugadzira uye kuiswa kwesimbi zvivakwa. Kune zvikamu zvesimbi uye mahwendefa akakora akagadzirwa muwekishopu, otomatiki akawanda-waya arc yakanyudzwa welding inofanira kushandiswa, uye bhokisi-column clapboard inofanira kushandisa inonyungudutsa nozzle electro slag welding uye humwe hunyanzvi. Mumunda kuisirwa uye kuvaka, semi-otomatiki welding tekinoroji, gasi-yakadzivirirwa flux-cored welding waya uye self-shielded flux-cored welding waya tekinoroji inofanirwa kushandiswa.

(f) Simbi chimiro chekudzivirira tekinoroji. Kudzivirirwa kwezvivako zvesimbi kunosanganisira kudzivirira moto, anti-corrosion uye kudzivirira ngura. Kazhinji, hazvidiwi kuita anti-ngura kurapwa mushure memoto-inoregisa coating kurapwa, asi ichiri kudikanwa kuve anti-corrosion kurapwa muzvivako zvine gasi rinoparadza. Kune marudzi akawanda edzimba dzinopisa moto, dzakadai seTN series, MC-10, nezvimwewo. Pakati pavo, MC-10 mabhanhire anokonzera moto anosanganisira alkyd enamel paint, chlorinated rabha pendi, fluororubber pendi uye chlorosulfonated pendi. Mukuvaka, iyo yakakodzera kupfekedza uye kupfekedza ukobvu kunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemhando yesimbi chimiro, moto wekudzivirira giredhi zvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

5. Zvinangwa uye Zviyero zveSimbi Mamiriro:

Simbi chimiro cheinjiniya chinosanganisira kuwanda kwematambudziko ehunyanzvi uye inofanirwa kutevedzera nyika uye indasitiri zviyero mukusimudzira nekushandisa kwayo. Madhipatimendi ekutonga ekuvaka emunharaunda anofanirwa kutarisisa kuvakwa kweiyo nhanho yehunyanzvi yesimbi chimiro engineering, kuronga kudzidziswa kwemhando yezvikwata zvekuongorora, uye kupfupisa maitiro ebasa uye tekinoroji mashandisirwo matsva nenguva. Makoreji nemayunivhesiti, madhipatimendi edhizaini uye mabhizinesi ekuvaka anofanirwa kukurumidza kudzidziswa kwesimbi chimiro engineering matekinoroji uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yakakura yesimbi chimiro CAD. Boka guru rezvidzidzo rinofanirwa kushanda pamwe nekusimudzira tekinoroji yesimbi, kuita shanduko yakakura yezvidzidzo uye zviitiko zvekudzidzisa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye nekushingairira kuvandudza huwandu hwese hwesimbi dhizaini dhizaini, kugadzira, kuvaka uye kuisa tekinoroji, uye inogona kupihwa mubairo ramangwana riri pedyo.

6. Nzira yekubatanidza yeSimbi Structure

Kune marudzi matatu ekubatanidza nzira dzesimbi zvimiro: weld yekubatanidza, bolt yekubatanidza uye rivet yekubatanidza.

(a), Welding Seam Connection

Iyo welding seam yekubatanidza ndeyekunyungudutsa zvishoma iyo electrode uye weldment nekupisa kunoitwa nearc, uye wozokonesa kuita weld mushure mekutonhodzwa, kuitira kuti ubatanidze weldment yese.

Zvakanakira: hapana kupera simba kwechikamu chechikamu, kuchengetedza simbi, chimiro chakareruka, kugadzirwa kuri nyore, kusimba kwekubatanidza, kuita kwakanaka kwekuisa chisimbiso, nyore kushandisa otomatiki kushanda pasi pemamwe mamiriro, uye yakakwirira kugadzirwa.

Kukanganisa: Nzvimbo inopisa-inopisa yesimbi iri pedyo ne weld nekuda kwekushisa kwepamusoro kwekushisa kunogona kuva brittle mune dzimwe nzvimbo; panguva yekugadzira simbi, simbi inoiswa kune zvisina kuenzana kugoverwa kwekushisa kwakanyanya uye kutonhora, zvichikonzera welding zvakasara kushushikana uye kusara deformation yechimiro. Kutakura simba, kuoma uye kushanda kune imwe mhedzisiro; nekuda kwekuoma kwepamusoro kwechigadziro che welded, kuputika kwepanyika zviri nyore kuwedzera kune yose kana zvichiitika, kunyanya pakupisa kwakadzika. Kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kunoderedza simba rekuneta.

(b), Bolt Connection

Bolted yekubatanidza ndeyekubatanidza majoini mumutumbi mumwe kuburikidza nemabhaudhi, senge fasteners. Kune mhando mbiri dzemabhaudhi ekubatanidza: akajairwa mabhaudhi ekubatanidza uye akakwirira-simba mabhaudhi ekubatanidza.

Zvakanakira: nzira yekuvaka iri nyore uye kuisirwa kwakaringana, kunyanya yakakodzera kuisirwa nzvimbo nekubatanidza, uye nyore kupatsanura, yakakodzera zvivakwa zvinoda kuungana uye disassembly uye yenguva pfupi kubatana.

Kukanganisa: Izvo zvinodiwa kuvhura makomba pandiro uye kurongedza maburi pakuungana, izvo zvinowedzera basa rekugadzira uye zvinoda kukwirira kwekugadzira; mabhoti mabhoti anoderedzawo chikamu chemuchinjikwa chezvikamu, uye zvikamu zvakabatana zvinowanzoda kupindirana kana kuwedzera zvibatanidza zvekubatsira. Plate (kana angle simbi), saka chimiro chakanyanya kuoma uye chinodhura simbi yakawanda.

(c), Rivet Connection

Iyo rivet yekubatanidza ndeye rivet ine semi-denderedzwa yakagadziridzwa musoro kune imwe magumo, uye mbambo yembambo inokurumidza kupinzwa mugomba rembambo yechinhu chekubatanidza mushure mekupisa mutsvuku, uyezve imwe magumo inokwizwa mumusoro wembambo ine rivet. pfuti kuita kuti kubatana kuve kwakasimba. yakasimba.

Zvakanakira: riveted simba rekufambisa rakavimbika, plastiki uye kuomarara kwakanaka, mhando iri nyore kutarisa uye kuvimbisa, uye inogona kushandiswa kune inorema uye yakananga kutakura dynamic mitoro zvimiro.

Zvakaipa: Iyo riveting maitiro akaomarara, mutengo wekugadzira ndeyevashandi uye zvinhu, uye kusimba kwevashandi kwakakwira, saka yakatsiviwa newelding uye yakakwirira-simba mabhaudhi.

7. Welding Connection

(A) Welding Method

Iyo inowanzoshandiswa nzira yekugadzira zvivakwa zvesimbi ndeye arc welding, inosanganisira manual arc welding, otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki arc welding, uye gasi shielded welding.

Manual arc welding ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa welding nzira muzvivakwa zvesimbi, ine midziyo yakapusa uye inoshanduka uye iri nyore kushanda. Nekudaro, mamiriro evashandi haana kunaka, kugona kwekugadzira kwakadzikira pane kweiyo otomatiki kana semi-otomatiki welding, uye kusiyanisa kwemhando yeweld yakakura, zvinoenderana neimwe nhanho padanho rehunyanzvi hweiyo welder.

Iyo weld yemhando yeatomatiki welding yakagadzikana, kukanganisa mukati kweiyo weld kushoma, iyo plasticity yakanaka, uye kuoma kwemhedzisiro yakanaka, iyo inokodzera welding marefu akananga welds. Semi-automatic welding inokodzera welding curves kana welds emhando ipi neipi nekuda kwekushanda kwemanyorero. Otomatiki uye semi-otomatiki welding inofanira kushandisa welding waya uye flux yakakodzera kune huru simbi, iyo welding waya inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemitemo yenyika, uye kuyerera kunofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa welding process.

Gasi shielded welding inoshandisa inert gasi (kana CO2) gasi senzira inodzivirira yearc kuparadzanisa simbi yakanyungudutswa kubva mumhepo kuchengetedza nzira yewelding yakagadzikana. Iyo arc yekudziya yegasi yakadzivirirwa welding yakanyungudutswa, iyo welding yekumhanyisa inokurumidza, uye kudzika kwekupinda kwakakura, saka kusimba kweiyo weld kwakakwira kupfuura iyo yemanual welding. Uye yakanaka plasticity uye corrosion resistance, inokodzera kusungirirwa kwemahwendefa esimbi gobvu.

(b), Chimiro cheWeld

Iyo welding seam yekubatanidza fomu inogona kukamurwa kuita mana mafomu: butt joint, lap joint, T-shaped joint uye fillet joint zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakabatana yezvikamu zvakabatana. Mawelds anoshandiswa pakubatanidza aya ari mumhando mbiri dzekutanga, butt welds uye fillet welds. Mune iyo chaiyo application, inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nesimba rekubatanidza, rakasanganiswa nekugadzira, kuisa uye welding mamiriro.

(C) Weld Structure

1. Buttweld

Butt welds inotamisa simba zvakananga, mushe, uye haina kukosha kwekunetsekana, saka vane yakanaka mechanic performance uye inokodzera kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvinotakura static uye dynamic mitoro. Nekudaro, nekuda kwemhando yepamusoro-inodiwa yebutt welds, gaka rewelding pakati pewelds rakasimba, uye rinowanzo shandiswa mumafekitori-akagadzirwa majoini.

2. Fillet weld

Chimiro che fillet welds: fillet welds inogona kukamurwa kuita side fillet welds inofananidzwa nefosi yekuita kutungamira uye kumberi fillet welds perpendicular kune simba rinoita kutungamira uye obliquely inopindirana nesimba rinoita kutungamira zvinoenderana nehurefu hwaro uye kutungamira kwekunze kwesimba chiito. . slanted fillet welds uye akakomberedza welds.

Iyo muchinjika-chikamu fomu ye fillet weld yakakamurwa kuita yakajairika mhando, flat slope type uye yakadzika yekupinda mhando. Iyo hf mumufananidzo inonzi fillet size ye fillet weld. Chiyero chechikamu chegumbo chechikamu chakajairwa 1: 1, iyo yakafanana neisosceles yekona yekona, uye mutsara wekutumira simba wakakombama zvakanyanya, saka kushushikana kwepfungwa kwakakomba. Kune chimiro chinotakura zvakananga mutoro wesimba, kuitira kuti simba rekufambisa rive rakatsetseka, iyo yekumberi fillet weld inofanirwa kutora iyo flat slope type ine saizi reshiyo yemafiri maviri emipendero 1: 1.5 (rutivi rurefu runofanira kutevedzera gwara re simba remukati), uye side fillet weld inofanira kutora chiyero che1. : 1 yakadzika kupinda.

8. Bolt Connection

(A). Mamiriro Ezvakajairwa Bolt Connection

Iyo Form uye Kutsanangurwa Kwezvakajairwa Bolts

Iyo yakajairika fomu inoshandiswa nesimbi chimiro ndiyo yakakura hexagonal musoro mhando, uye kodhi yayo inomiririrwa netsamba M uye zita uye dhayamita (mm). M18, M20, M22, M24 inowanzoshandiswa muinjiniya. Zvinoenderana nezviyero zvepasi rose, mabhaudhi anomiririrwa zvakafanana nemagiredhi avo ekuita, se "giredhi 4.6", "giredhi 8.8" zvichingodaro. Nhamba isati yasvika yedesimali inoratidza hudiki hwekusimba kwechigadzirwa chebhaudhi, senge "4" ye400N/mm2 uye "8" ye800N/mm2. Nhamba mushure meiyo decimal (0.6, 0.8) inoratidza chiyero chegoho chezvinyorwa zvebhaudhi, kureva, chiyero chegoho chinonongedza kusimba rekushomeka.

Zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira mabhaudhi, mabhaudhi akajairwa akakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: A, B, uye C.

A uye B-giredhi mabhaudhi (akacheneswa mabhaudhi) anogadzirwa ne8.8-giredhi simbi, anotenderedzwa nematurusi emuchina, ane nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye hukuru hwakarurama, uye ane maburi ekirasi I (kureva kuti, maburi ebhaudhi anoboorwa kana kuwedzerwa pa. yakaungana zvikamu , rusvingo rwegomba rwakatsetseka, uye gomba rakarurama). Nekuda kweiyo yakakwirira machining iko, kudhumhana nemadziro egomba, diki yekubatanidza deformation, uye yakanaka mechanical kuita, inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza neshear hombe uye tensile masimba. Zvisinei, inonyanya kushanda uye inodhura kugadzira nekuisa, saka haishandiswi zvishoma muzvivako zvesimbi.

Mabhaudhi eGiredhi C (akaomesesa mabhaudhi) anogadzirwa negiredhi 4.6 kana 4.8 simbi, rough processing, uye saizi haina kurongeka zvakakwana. Maburi emhando II chete ndiwo anodiwa (kureva kuti, maburi ebhaudhi anoroverwa pachikamu chimwe panguva imwe chete kana kuboorwa pasina chibooreso. Kazhinji, dhayamita regomba rakakura kudarika remabhaudhi. Dhayamita yetsvimbo yakakura 1~2mm). Kana simba rekugera richifambiswa, deformation yekubatanidza ihombe, asi kuita kwekutumira simba rekusimudzira kuchiri kwakanaka, kushanda hakudi midziyo yakakosha, uye mutengo wakaderera. Inowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza mabhaudhi mukunetsana uye yechipiri shear yekubatanidza mune zvimiro zvakamira kana zvisina kunanga zvine simba zvinoremerwa.

Kurongeka Kwezvakajairwa Bolted Connections

Kurongeka kwemabhaudhi kunofanirwa kunge kuri nyore, yunifomu uye compact, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba, uye chimiro chinofanira kuve chinonzwisisika uye nyore kuisa. Kune marudzi maviri ekugadzirisa: padivi-ne-parutivi uye akadzedzereka (sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo). The parallel iri nyore, uye staggered is more compact.

(B). The Stress Hunhu hweAjairika Bolted Connections

• Kugera bhaudhi kubatana
• Tension bolt yekubatanidza
• Dhonza-shear bhaudhi yekubatanidza

(C). The Stress Hunhu hweHigh-Simba Bolts

Yakakwirira-simba mabhaudhi anobatana anogona kukamurwa kuita friction type uye pressure type zvinoenderana nedhizaini uye simba zvinodiwa. Kana iyo frictional connection iri pasi pekuveura, iyo yakanyanya frictional resistance inogona kuitika pakati pemahwendefa apo kunze kweshear simba rinosvika kumuganhu wenyika; apo kutsvedza kwehama kunoitika pakati pemahwendefa, inofungidzirwa kuti kubatana kwakundikana uye kwakakuvadzwa. Kana iyo yekumanikidza-inotakura kubatana ichiveurwa, simba rekukwesha rinobvumidzwa kukundwa uye kutsvedza pakati pemahwendefa kunoitika, uye ipapo simba rekunze rinogona kuramba richiwedzera, uye kutadza kwekupedzisira kwekugera sikuru kana gomba madziro ane kumanikidza. ndiyo muganhu wenyika.

Henan Steel Structure Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. inyanzvi mukuvaka kwesimbi dhizaini mashopu, matura, maworkshops uye mamwe mapurojekiti, uye inogona kupa makotesheni, shanduro, kudhirowa kwekuisa uye mamwe masevhisi zvinoenderana nebhajeti. Kuti uwane mimwe mibvunzo, ndapota bvunza timu yedu nyanzvi.

Kunyorerwa Kuverenga