Zvivako zvesimbi ndizvo zvakakosha zvimiro zvezvivakwa zvesimbi-zvakaumbwa, zvinosanganisira mativi akasiyana-siyana esimbi kubva pakutakura-kutakurisa macores kusvika kune anobatsira ekudzivirira. Pamwe chete, ivo vanogadzira chimiro chechivako uye inoshanda sisitimu. Izvi zvikamu zvesimbi hazvishandiswi zvakasununguka mukuzviparadzanisa; pachinzvimbo, vanoumba yakatsiga hurongwa hurongwa kuburikidza nesayenzi mubatanidzwa, vanokwanisa kutakura chivako kuzvidzora uremu uye mitoro kubva vashandi uye midziyo, uyewo kuramba kunze masimba akadai mhepo uye kudengenyeka kwenyika.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvinoumba zvokuvakisa zvechinyakare, chinhu chakatanhamara zvikurusa chezvikamu zvokuvakisa zvesimbi ndechokuti zvizhinjisa zveaya mativi anogona kugadzirwa nenzira yakarurama mumafekitari, zvozotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yokuvaka nokuda kwokuunganidza nokukurumidza, zvichipfupisa zvikuru nguva yokuvaka. Kubva pane portal simbi mafuremu e-single-story maindasitiri zvirimwa kune furemu masisitimu e zvivako zvesimbi zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mberi kune trusses refu-refu, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvikamu zvesimbi anogona kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvinenge zvese zvekuvaka zviitiko kuburikidza nekuchinjika kunoenderana-uye ichi ndicho chikonzero ivo vachishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvivako zvemazuva ano zvemaindasitiri.
Ingave mbiru dzesimbi uye matanda esimbi anotakura mitoro yakakosha, kana nhengo dzinotsigira dzinobatsira mukugadzikana kwechimiro, chikamu chega chega chekuvaka simbi chinoita basa rinokosha mukuona kuchengetedzwa kwechimiro uye kuona kushanda kwezvinodiwa.
Yakapfupika Sumo kune Yakajairika Simbi Kuvaka Zvikamu
Kuti unzwisise kuumbwa kwezvivako zvakagadzirwa nesimbi, zvakakosha kujekesa mabasa anokosha uye maitiro ezvimwe zvikamu zvekuvaka simbi. Zvadaro, tichaputsa zvikamu izvi muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: nhengo huru dzezvirongwa uye nhengo dzechipiri. Tichazotsanangura pamusoro pebasa rinoshanda uye hunyanzvi hunhu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chakakosha, tichivavarira kumisikidza kwakajeka uye kwehunyanzvi kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu zvezvivakwa zvemaindasitiri zvakaumbwa nesimbi, tichitarisa kuti marudzi akasiyana ezvivakwa zvesimbi anopindirana sei kuti aumbe chimiro chekubatanidza.
Main Constituent Zvikamu zveSimbi Chimiro:
- Steel Columns: Kushanda seyakakosha-inotakura zvinhu pakati pezvinhu zvekuvaka simbi, makoramu esimbi anotakura mitoro yese yakatwasuka yechirimwa, kusanganisira huremu hwedenga, pasi, uye kumanikidza kwemidziyo, uye kutamisa mitoro iyi kunheyo. Makoramu esimbi anowanzo shandiswa muzvirimwa zvemaindasitiri anonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kusimbi yeH-chikamu chesimbi. Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runopa kugadzikana kwekuita kwesimba uye kugadzirisa zviri nyore, zvichiita kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvinotakura zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana-chinhu chakakosha chinosimbisa basa rayo sechinhu chakakosha chekuvaka simbi.
- Steel Beams : Kushanda tandem nemakoramu esimbi kuumba simiti inotakura mutoro, matanda esimbi (anozivikanwawo sesimbi furemu matanda) zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuvaka simbi zvine basa rekutamisa mitoro yakatwasuka kubva padenga (sekuunganidza sinou uye huremu hwedenga racho) kune makoramu esimbi. Inonyanya kugadzirwa neH-chikamu simbi, vane simba rakakwana uye yunifomu simba kugovera, zvinobudirira kusangana nechirimwa chinotakura mutoro uye nekuona kutendeseka kwekutanga simbi kuvaka chikamu system.
- Makoramu Anodzivirira Mhepo: Yakasarudzika simbi yekugadzira chikamu chekudzikama kwe lateral, makoramu anodzivirira mhepo anonyanya kufambisa mitoro yemhepo nemasimba akachinjika kubva padenga, uku ichibatanidza denga remadziro kumadziro. Izvi zvinodzivirira madziro echirimwa kuti asakanganiswa nemhepo ine simba. Kazhinji inogadzirwa neH-chikamu simbi, ivo vane kuenderana kwakanaka nembiru dzesimbi uye matanda esimbi, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwechimiro chekubatanidza uye kusimudzira iyo yese mhepo inopikisa yesimbi yemaitiro system.
- Purlins (Roof Purlins & Wall Purlins): Sechipiri chekutakura-kutakura simbi yekuvaka simbi pasi penhengo dzekutanga, matenga emapuranga akaiswa pamatanda esimbi, uye madziro emadziro anoiswa pamadziro mbiru. Basa ravo repakati ndere kuendesa mitoro zvakaenzana kubva padenga nemadziro (semhepo nemvura inonaya, uye huremu hwemapanera) kune matanda nemakoramu. Zvidiki muhukuru kupfuura matanda esimbi, purlins anowanzo kugadzirwa kubva kuC-chikamu kana Z-chikamu simbi-zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive nyore, zvine musoro mukutakura simba, uye kuchinjika mukugadzika, zvichiratidza basa ravo seanoshanda ebetsero simbi yekuvaka zvikamu.
- Mapute: Yakaiswa padenga remba kana panosangana mativi akakwirira neakaderera, marata eplateti yesimbi zvinhu zvinoshanda zvesimbi zvakagadzirirwa kuunganidza mvura inonaya pamusoro pedenga nekuibudisa panze nepapombi. Izvi zvinodzivirira mvura inonaya kuti isaungane mumapako edenga, inodzivirira kuparara kwezvimwe zvikamu zvesimbi zvakavakwa, uye inomisa mvura inonaya kuti isapinda mukati mechirimwa, nokudaro ichidzivirira kusimba kwedenga uye chimiro chesimbi chose.
- Crane Beams: Kune zvidyarwa zvinoda kuisirwa crane, matanda ecrane anokosha simbi zvimiro zvikamu. Iwo anoshanda sehwaro hwekuradzika njanji, asingatakure huremu hwe crane chete asiwo mitoro yakatwasuka uye yakachinjika inogadzirwa panguva yekushanda kwecrane. Izvi zvinogonesa kugadzikana kana crane ikafamba panjanji uye ichisimudza zvinhu, zvichivaita yakakosha simbi yekuvaka chikamu chezvidyarwa zveindasitiri zvine zvinodiwa zvekusimudza.
Sekondari Zvimiro Zvekubatsira Zvikamu (Simbi Chivakwa Chekubatsira Zvikamu):
- Horizontal Bracings: Yakaiswa padenga rechirimwa, yakachinjika bracing isimbi yekubatsira maumbirwo emidziyo inosimudzira kuomarara kwese kwedenga. Vanopfupisa kureba kwekuverenga kwekunze-kwendege kwenhengo dzechord (zvikamu zvetrusses), izvo zvisingangochengetedze kushandiswa kwesimbi chete asiwo zvinodzivirira lateral deformation yenhengo dzechord pasi pekunetseka. Inonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi yakatenderedzwa, inoratidzira mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kuisirwa, ichiita kuti ive inodhura-inoshanda yekubatsira structural simbi zvikamu.
- Inter-Column Bracings: Chinhu chakakosha chesimbi chivakwa chekuomarara kwepashure, ivo vanonyanya kusimbisa kuchinjika kwechimiro. Yakabatanidzwa neyakachinjika mabracing, iwo akabatana anosimudzira longitudinal rigidity / kugadzikana - kwakakosha pamhepo / kudengenyeka kwepasi uye kuderedza kusimba. Mhando dzakajairika: trapezoidal bracings (yakajairika mitoro) uye simbi pombi bracings (inorema mitoro / yakakwirira kugadzikana zvinoda pane simbi yekuvaka zvikamu).
- Tie Rods: Yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakatenderedzwa, mbariro dzekugara (dzinoshandiswa mukubatana nedzakatwasuka dzekugara uye diagonal pekugara) idiki-saizi yekubatsira simbi yekuvaka zvikamu. Basa ravo nderokudzikisa lateral deformation uye torsion ye purlins, kuvandudza mutoro-kutakura simba re purlins, uye kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kusati kwasvika kune purlins nekuda kwekushanduka-zvinobudirira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rechikamu chechipiri chechivakwa chesimbi.
- Tension Tie: Matani etension anonyanya kugadziriswa kubva kumachubhu esimbi akatenderedzwa, ane huremu asi kusimba kwakakwana. Basa ravo rekutanga nderekuvandudza kuomarara kwechirimwa, kubatanidza zvikamu zvakapararira muhurongwa hwekudyidzana-kuona kugadzikana kweiyo geometric yechimiro uye kudzivirira nhengo dzekumanikidzana kubva kudivi.
- Roof Panels uye Wall Panels: Kazhinji simbi dzakatetepa mapepa kana sandwich composite mapaneru, akaiswa kune purlins. Sezvivakwa zvesimbi zvekudzivirira, zvinovharira mhepo nemvura, mitoro yekutakura, uye mamwe mapaneru anoumbwa anopa kupisa kwekushisa.
- TereEmbedded Anchor Bolts & Bolts: Yakakosha yekubatanidza zvinhu zvesimbi zvekuvaka zvinhu. Anchor bolts inogadzirisa mbiru kune nheyo; mamwe mabhaudhi anobatanidza matanda, makoramu/purlins, uye matanda. Vanoona kutakurwa kwemutoro wakasimba-zvakakosha pakuvimbika kwechimiro uye kuchengeteka.
- Gusset Braces: Detailed-yakatarisana nesimbi yekubatsira simbi zvivakwa zvakaiswa pa column-beam junctions; vanowedzera kusimba kwemajoini. Izvi zvinodzivirira deformation yenzvimbo pasi pekunetseka (semuenzaniso, horizontal forces), kuchengetedza kiyi yekubatanidza kugadzikana muchimiro.
Nderipi Basa Rinoitwa neInter-Column Bracing (Chikamu Chakakosha Chekuvaka Simbi) MuZvivakwa ZveSimbi Zvakagadzirwa?
Inter-column bracing chinhu chakakosha pakati pezvinhu zvekuvaka simbi mune zvivakwa zvesimbi, uye kukosha kwayo kwekushanda hakugone kushomeka.
Chokutanga uye chakakosha, inter-column bracing inobudirira inosimudzira kugadzikana kwese kwezvivakwa zvesimbi zvakagadzirirwa. Senhengo dzesimbi dzinotakura zvinhu, makoramu anotakura mitoro yakasiyana-siyana kubva padenga uye kunze kwemadziro; inter-column bracing, nekuita se "connecting link" pakati pemakoramu aya, inoumba hurongwa hwakasimba hwekutsigira. Iyi sisitimu inogovanisa uye inotamisa mitoro-yakadai sekumanikidza kwakatwasuka kubva padenga kana lateral masimba kubva kumhepo-kudzivirira chimiro chesimbi kubva pakukanganisa kana kudonha pasi pezvinoitika kunze.
Chechipiri, inter-column bracing inobatsira zvakanyanya mukuvandudza seismic kuita kwezvivakwa zvesimbi zvakagadzirirwa. Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakaita sekudengenyeka kwenyika dzinowanzokonzera kutyisidzira kukuru kune zvivakwa zvesimbi. Nekudaro, yakanyatso dhizainiwa yepakati-column bracing-mhando yakakosha yesimbi yekugadzira chikamu-inogona kutora uye kuparadzira simba rinogadzirwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Nekudzikisa kuzunguzika kwechivako panguva yekudengenyeka kwenyika, inochengetedza kusimba kwechimiro uye inoderedza kukuvadzwa kwesimbi yese.
Pamusoro pezvo, inter-column bracing inopa pesvedzero yakanaka pakurongeka kwenzvimbo uye zvinoshanda zve zvivako zvesimbi zvakagadzirirwa. Kuburikidza nedhizaini inonzwisisika, inobatsira kukwenenzvera kurongeka kwemukati, kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvisina basa uye nekudaro kunatsiridza kushandiswa kwenzvimbo. Zvakare, inter-column bracing inoshanda seyakagadzika tsigiro mapoinzi ezvivakwa zvekubatsira zvakaita semidziyo yemaindasitiri nemapombi. Izvi zvinofambisa kurongeka nekushanda kwezvivakwa izvi, zvichiwedzera kuratidza basa rayo rinoshanda seimwe yeakakosha prefabricated simbi structural zvikamu zvinoenzanisa kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro uye kushanda kushanduka.
Basa Rakakosha reNguva Yekutsigira Maframe muKuisa Simbi Zvivako Zvikamu
Panguva yekuiswa kwezvivakwa zvesimbi, mapuranga ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi akakosha ebetsero. Basa ravo repakati ndere kuona kuchengetedzeka, kurongeka, uye kugadzikana kwekuisa zvinhu zvekuvaka simbi, kunyanya sezvinotevera:
Kutanga, vanochengetedza kugadzikana kwekanguva kwezvikamu. Mushure mokunge zvikamu zvekuvaka simbi zvakasimudzwa, hazvisati zvaumba hukama hwakagadzikana nedzimwe nhengo dzechigarire. Vachivimba nesimba ravo voga, vanonetsekana kurwisa huremu hwavo, masimba emhepo, kana kubonderana kwekuvaka, uye vanongoita zvekupetuka kana kusuduruka. Mafuremu ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi anogona kupa tsigiro yakamira kana yakatwasuka, ichibatanidza nezvikamu, pasi, kana kuti yakatoiswa yakagadzika zvimiro kuti zvinyatso kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwechikamu.
Chechipiri, ivo vanobatsira mune chaiyo chikamu chinzvimbo. Simbi yekumisikidza ine zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvechikamu chekukwirira uye verticality. Mafuremu akawanda ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi ane zvimiro zvinogadziriswa; vashandi vekuvaka vanogona kuenzanisa maparameter akadai seyakareba kwembiru dzesimbi uye kuenzana kwematanda esimbi nekugadzirisa kureba nemakona. Izvi zvinogonesa kurongeka kwekuisa kunosangana nezvinodiwa dhizaini, nekuisa hwaro hwehunotevera hunozobatanidzwa.
Chechitatu, vanogoverana mitoro yechinguvana. Munguva yekuisa chikamu, zvikamu zvinofanirwa kutakura uremu hwazvo, pamwe nehuremu hwevashandi vekuvaka nemidziyo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune yakakura-yakareba kana yakaonda-yakakomberedzwa zvikamu-zvisati zvabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwese, nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzinowanzoita kuwandisa, deformation, kana kuputika. Kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwemapoinzi akawanda, mafuremu ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi anotamisa mitoro zvakaenzana kune hwaro, kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwezvikamu.
Pakupedzisira, vanovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwese kwekuvaka. Kubatana kwechigarire kusati kwapedzwa, zvikamu zvakasimudzwa zvinopararira, uye iyo yese lateral displacement kuramba haina simba. Mafuremu ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi anogona kubatanidza izvi zvikamu kuti zvigadzire yenguva pfupi inotakura mutoro-inotakura system, inosimudzira mhepo nekuzunguza kuramba uye kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwese.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dhizaini nekumisikidzwa kwemafuremu ekutsigira kwenguva pfupi anofanirwa kutariswa inotakura-yekuremerwa kugona; mushure mekunge chimiro chechigarire chapfuura ongororo, dzinofanirwa kubviswa maererano nezvakatsanangurwa uye mukutevedzana.
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Pamusoro peMunyori: K-HOME
K-home Iyo kambani Steel Structure Co., Ltd inofukidza nzvimbo ye120,000 square metres. Isu takabatikana mukugadzira, bhajeti reprojekiti, kugadzira, uye kuiswa kwePEB simbi zvivakwa uye masangweji mapaneru ane yechipiri-giredhi general contracting qualifications. Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinovhara zvimiro zvesimbi zvakareruka, PEB zvivakwa, dzimba dzeprefab dzakaderera, dzimba dzemidziyo, C/Z simbi, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzesimbi simbi ndiro, PU sandwich panels, eps sandwich panels, rock wool sandwich panels, cold room panels, purification plates, nezvimwe zvekuvaka.