Arc Welding ke eng? Theknoloji ea Ts'ebetso ea Ts'epehi ea Mehaho

Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho tjheseletsa ts'ebetsong ea tšepe, empa arc tjheseletsa e sebediswa haholo-holo. Hobane lisebelisoa tsa welding tsa arc li bonolo, li bonolo hore basebetsi ba li sebetse, 'me boleng ba weld boa tšepahala, ho na le melemo e mengata.

Arc welding e ka aroloa ka ho tjheseletsa arc ka letsoho, ho tjheseletsa arc ka ho iketsa kapa ka semi-automatic 'me tjheseletso e sirelelitsoeng ka kgase ho ea ka tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea boiketsetso le mofuta oa thepa e sebelisoang ho sireletsa tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng nakong ea ho cheselletsa.

Joale tse latelang ke mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa ea meaho ena ea tšepe.

Ho Bala ho Eketsehileng: Motsoako o kopantsoeng oa Splice ka Sebopeho sa tšepe

3 Mefuta ea Tjheseletsa selikalikoe

1. Manual Arc Welding  

Mokhoa oa ho itšetleha ka mocheso oa arc o bitsoa arc welding. Manual arc welding ke mofuta oa arc welding e nang le molamu oa welding oa letsoho, oo hangata o sebelisoang ho cheselletsa meaho ea tšepe.  

The weldment le electrode ke li-electrode tse peli tse hlahisang arc, arc e hlahisa mocheso o mongata, weldment le electrode e qhibilihisitsoeng, qetellong ea electrode e qhibiliha ho etsa lerotholi, phetoho ea ho kopana ha tšepe ea motheo ea tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng. , ho thehoa ha letamo le letoto la liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa 'mele-metallurgical. Ha arc e ntse e tsamaea, letamo la metsi le qhibilihisitsoeng lea pholile butle-butle ebe le phatsima ho etsa chese.

Tlas'a ketso ea mocheso o phahameng, serame ka ho roala ha elektrode holim'a tšepe e matlafalitsoeng ka slag e qhibilihisitsoeng, e koahelang bokaholimo ba letamo le entsoeng ka tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng, e ke ke ea sireletsa feela mocheso o phahameng oa letamo le entsoeng ka tšepe le karabelo e kotsi ea oksijene le. naetrojene moeeng, 'me e ka boela ea kenya letsoho ka letamo le qhibilihantsoeng lik'hemik'hale le motsoako oa seeping, joalo-joalo, ho pholileng le ho tiisa holim'a tšepe, ho theha khetla e sireletsang slag.

2. Othomathiki kapa semi-automatic submerged arc welding  

Othomathike ka tlas'a metsi arc welding e phahametse ho tjheseletsa ka letsoho ka lebaka la mocheso oa arc, ka hona e na le botebo bo boholo ba ho kenella, boleng bo ts'oanang ba weld, bofokoli bo fokolang ba kahare, polasetiki e ntle le ho tiea ha tšusumetso. Boleng ba semi-automatic submerged arc welding bo pakeng tsa othomathike ka tlas'a metsi arc welding le welding manual.

Ho feta moo, ho tjheseletsa ha arc ka tsela e iketsang kapa e iketsang e na le lebelo le phahameng la ho tjheseletsa, bokgoni bo phahameng ba tlhahiso, ditjeho tse tlase le maemo a matle a ho sebetsa. Leha ho le joalo, kopo ea bona e boetse e lekanyelitsoe ke maemo a eona, hobane welder e tlameha ho tsamaea haufi le seporo sa tataiso ea weld, kahoo ho tlameha ho ba le maemo a itseng a ts'ebetso.

3. Welding e sirelelitsoeng ka khase

E boetse e tsejoa e le fusion gas arc welding, CO2 kapa khase ea inert e sebelisetsoa ho theha lesela la tšireletso la sebakeng seo ho pota-pota arc ho thibela tlhaselo ea likhase tse kotsi le ho netefatsa botsitso ba ts'ebetso ea welding.

Ho tjheseletsa maemo ohle, boleng bo botle, lebelo la ho qhibiliha ka potlako, ts'ebetso e phahameng, ho boloka matla, ha ho hlokahale hore ho tlosoe slag ea welding ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa, empa ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho qoba moea ha ho tjheseletsa.

Lisebelisoa tsa Welding

Lisebelisoa tsa welding li kenyelletsa li-electrode, terata, phofo ea tšepe, flux, khase, joalo-joalo.

molamu oa ho tjheseletsa

Motsoako oa tšepe o tlatsang manonyeletso a setjheso nakong ya kgase kapa ka motlakase. Hangata electrode e entsoe ka thepa e tšoanang le ea workpiece. Electrode ke eleketrode e qhibilihang bakeng sa tjheseletsa ea li-electrode arc le coating, e entsoeng ka ho roala le ho tjheseletsa konokono.  

terata ea ho tjheseletsa

Mohala ke thepa ea ho tjheseletsa terata e sebelisoang e le tšepe ea ho tlatsa kapa e le mochini oa motlakase. Ho welding ea khase le tungsten ea arc e sirelelitsoeng ka khase, terata ea welding e sebelisoa e le tšepe ea ho tlatsa; Ho welding ea arc e ka tlas'a metsi, welding ea esG le welding e 'ngoe e sirelelitsoeng ka arc ea GAS, terata ea welding ke tšepe ea ho tlatsa le electrode e tsamaisang. Bokaholimo ba terata ea ho cheselletsa ha bo koahetsoe ka anti-oxidation flux.  

Phofo ea tšepe

Phofo ea tšepe e bolela sehlopha sa tšepe seo boholo ba sona bo leng ka tlase ho 1mm. Phofo e le 'ngoe ea tšepe, phofo ea alloy le phofo e 'ngoe ea refractory e nang le thepa ea tšepe ke eona thepa e ka sehloohong ea metallurgy ea phofo.  

phalla

Flux, eo hape e bitsoang brazing agent, e na le tlhaloso e pharaletseng, e kenyelletsang letsoai le qhibilihisitsoeng, lintho tse phelang, khase e sebetsang, mouoane oa tšepe, joalo-joalo, ke hore, ho phaella ho tšepe ea motheo le solder, hangata e bolela mofuta oa boraro oa thepa e sebelisoang ho fokotsa tsitsipano pakeng tsa tšepe ea motheo le solder.  

khase

Khase ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse' nè tsa motheo tsa taba (tse ling tse tharo ke tse tiileng, metsi le plasma). Likhase li ka etsoa ka athomo e le 'ngoe (mohlala, likhase tse ntle), limolek'hule tsa elemental tsa element e le 'ngoe (mohlala, oksijene), limolek'hule tse kopaneng tsa likarolo tse ngata (mohlala, carbon dioxide), joalo-joalo.

Boemo le Litlhoko

Li-welders li tla tšoaneleha ka koetliso le ho fumana mangolo a thuto pele ba ka etsa mosebetsi oa ho cheselletsa.

Bakeng sa li-welds tsa bohlokoa tsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sebopeho, lipheletsong tse peli tsa li-welds kapa mateano a li-welds li tlameha ho hatisoa ka khoutu ea welder.

Pele ho tjheseletsa, likarolo tsa welding li lokela ho hloekisoa ka litšila haufi le holim'a weld, joalo ka oxide scale, oli, anticorrosive pente, joalo-joalo.

Ha tjheseletsa ka tlase ho zero degrees Celsius, maemo a latelang a lokela ho hlokomeloa:

• Etsa bonnete ba hore weld e ka fokotseha ka bolokolohi nakong ea ho cheselletsa;
• u se ke ua sebelisa hamore e boima ho otla likarolo tsa moralo tse cheselitsoeng;
• Pele ho tjheseletsa, tlosa leqhoa lohle le lehloa holim'a likarolo tsa moralo tse cheselitsoeng;
• Pele ho welding, preheat ho ea ka litokisetso, mocheso o khethehileng o khethoa ho latela tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso.

Pele tjheseletsa lokela ho preheated ho ea ka litokisetso, e lokela ho tiisitsoe tjheseletsa motherboard (ho web), likhopo poleiti, karohano qetellong (botenya tataiso) le sehokelo pepesa qetellong ea lekhalo;

Likarolo tse patiloeng tsa mohaho oa tšepe li lokela ho behoa, ho koaheloa le ho tiisoa ka mor'a ho feta tlhahlobo.

tjheseletsa e mahlakoreng a mabedi a mahlakoreng a mabedi e lokela ho kgetha motso wa welding, motso wa pick tjheseletsa o ka sebedisa garafo ya pneumatic, carbon arc gouging, gouging le mekgwa ya ho sebetsa ka metjhini.

Multi-layer welding e tla ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele, 'me karolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea weld pass e tla hloekisoa le ho hlahlojoa ka nako ka mor'a ho cheselletsa,' me liphoso li tlosoe pele li cheselletsa.

Ts'ebetsong ea welding, sebelisa sebaka se bataletseng sa welding ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Nakong ea tjheseletsa, a se ke a sebelisa eleketrode le peeling kapa mafome tjheseletsa konokono le flux le mongobo agglomeration le khetla slag hore e se e qhibilihile; Mohala oa ho tjheseletsa le sepekere se tjheseletsang di lokela ho hlwekiswa ka oli le mafome pele di sebediswa.

Sehlopha sa kaho bakeng sa tšebeliso ea pele ea tšepe, lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa, mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa, phekolo ea mocheso ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa, joalo-joalo, e tla etsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea welding, e ngole tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso, 'me e tsebe mokhoa oa ho cheselletsa ho latela tlaleho ea tlhahlobo.

Nako ea ho emisa welding nako e fetang likhoeli tse 6, e lokela ho hlahlojoa hape.

Welding, li-welders li lokela ho lumellana le mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa, eseng mahala le arc holim'a tšepe ea motheo ka ntle ho sefaha sa weld.

Butt joint, t-shaped joint, corner joint, cross joint butt weld and butt and corner joint weld weld, e lokela ho beoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa welding arc le lead plate, thepa le groove foromo e lokela ho tšoana le tjheseletsa.

Bolelele ba ho qala arc le lead weld: welding e ka tlas'a metsi e lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 50mm, welding ea arc ea letsoho le tjheseletso e sirelelitsoeng ka khase e lokela ho ba kholo ho feta 20mm. Ka mor'a ho cheselletsa, ho khaola khase ho lokela ho sebelisoa ho khaola arc le poleiti ea lead, 'me e bentšitsoe e boreleli, e se ke ea thunngoa ka hamore.

Li-weld cracks, li-welders li ke ke tsa sebetsana ntle le tumello, li lokela ho fumana sesosa, ho beha mokhoa oa ho lokisa o ka sebetsoa. Palo ea ho lokisoa ha karolo e tšoanang ea weld ha ea lokela ho feta makhetlo a mabeli. Ha e etsoa ka makhetlo a fetang a mabeli, mokhoa oa ho lokisa o lokela ho etsoa ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho lokisa.  

Ka mor'a ho cheselletsa, welder o lokela ho hloekisa slag holim'a weld le spatter mahlakoreng ka bobeli, 'me a hlahlobe ponahalo ea boleng ba weld. Kamora ho feta tlhahlobo, letšoao la tšepe la welder le tla etsoa karolong ea seam ea welding e boletsoeng ts'ebetsong.

Litšepe tse entsoeng ka carbon li lokela ho pholile ho fihlela mocheso o leng teng ka har'a weld, 'me tšepe e nang le alloy e tlase e lokela ho chesetsoa lihora tse 24 pele ho hlahlojoa.