Iinkcukacha zesakhiwo sentsimbi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwesakhiwo, i-skeleton ethwele umthwalo exhasa umgangatho wokwakha wonke iyadingeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi sisakhiwo esakhiwe ngezinto zetsimbi kwi-mainframe, enye yeentlobo zezakhiwo zokwakha. Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi ziqulunqwe kakhulu ngeentsimbi zetsimbi, iintsika zetsimbi, iintsimbi zetsimbi, kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi yecandelo kunye namacwecwe ensimbi. Amalungu olwakhiwo lwentsimbi okanye iinxalenye zidla ngokudityaniswa ngeewelds, iibholiti, okanye iirivets (Iindidi zoQhagamshelwano kwiZakhiwo zentsimbi).

Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezakhiwo zale mihla. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu, ezinomthwalo onzima, ezingafumanekiyo kwizindlu zekhonkrithi. Ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lwensimbi lulula, lunamandla amakhulu, ukwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokwakhiwa okufutshane. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi zokugcina, zocweyo, iigaraji, iifektri ezinkulu, iindawo zokuzivocavoca, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo kunye namanye amabala.

INkcukacha yoLwakhiwo lweNtsimbi yeNkqubo yeSakhelo seNsimbi:

Ubume besakhelo

Ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo yinkqubo yokuthwala imithwalo emithathu-ntathu eyakhiwe ngeentsimbi zetsimbi kunye neentsika ezixhunywe nge-welding okanye i-bolting. Isasaza ngokulinganayo umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo osecaleni kunye nothe nkqo. Ibonisa amandla okuqina aphezulu, ubunzima obulula, kunye ne-ductility egqwesileyo. Ulwakhiwo lweemodyuli zesi sakhiwo lunciphisa ixesha lokwakha ngama-30% -50%.

Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lwesakhelo lusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwizakhiwo ezininzi zeofisi okanye eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Ulungelelwaniso lwalo oluthe tye lubonelela ukuchasana nomthwalo womoya kunye neenyikima, ngelixa iinxalenye zenkxaso ye-longitudinal ziqinisekisa ukuzinza okupheleleyo kwesakhiwo.

Isakhelo sePortal Ulwakhiwo

A isakhiwo sentsimbi portal luhlobo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Isakhiwo sayo esisisiseko somthwalo siqulunqwe ngeentsimbi zetsimbi kunye neentsika, eziphumela "kwisango" elingaphandle. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-crane ikhona, izakhiwo zentsimbi ye-portal zingahlelwa njengobunzima ngaphandle kwe-crane okanye ubunzima nge-crane. Iifom zesakhiwo zinokubandakanya i-single-span, i-double-span, kunye ne-multi-span izakhiwo, kunye nezo zine-overhangs kunye nophahla oludibeneyo.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lezakhelo ze-portal zivela kwi-12 ukuya kwi-48 yeemitha. Ukuba iikholomu ziyahluka ngobubanzi, amacala azo angaphandle kufuneka alungelelaniswe. Ukuphakama kwesakhelo kunqunywe ngukuphakama okucacileyo okufunekayo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-4.5 ukuya kwi-9 yeemitha. Ngaphezu koko, iqondo lobushushu lobude kufuneka likhawulelwe ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-300, kwaye ubushushu obunqamlezayo bube ngaphantsi kweemitha ezili-150. Nangona kunjalo, olu luhlu lweqondo lokushisa lunokuphumla ngezibalo ezaneleyo.

Isakhiwo sentsimbi yePortal luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwezakhiwo ze-span ezinkulu ezifana nezityalo zoshishino kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla.

1. Ulwakhiwo olulodwa lwentsimbi

Isakhiwo esine-span eyodwa, esisoloko sibizwa ngokuba "yi-portal portal frame" sisakhiwo esinemiqolo emibini yeentsika ezixhasa umqadi omnye oyintloko, owenza i-span enye. Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lufanelekile kwiifektri ze-single-span, kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo loqoqosho ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-36 yeemitha. Xa ububanzi budlula i-36 yeemitha, uqoqosho lwesakhiwo luyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ifom efanelekileyo yesakhiwo iyacetyiswa.

Uyilo loyilo lwe enye-span isakhiwo somzi-mveliso wentsimbi kufuneka ibe yimisebenzi yocando olunengqiqo noluqiqisiweyo olusekwe kweyona ndawo inokusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yommandla omkhulu wesakhiwo somzi-mveliso, ulwahlulo lweendawo ezisebenzisekayo kufuneka luqwalasele ngokubanzi ukuhamba kwabasebenzi, ukungena komoya ngokwendalo, kunye noyilo olunengqiqo kunye nogcino lweendlela zokuphuma emlilweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba indawo iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokuvelisa kunye nemimiselo yokhuseleko.

2. Isakhiwo sentsimbi ephindwe kabini

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ephindwe kabini lunezakhiwo ezibini ezisondeleleneyo ze-single-span, zabelana ngomqolo weentsika zetsimbi ukwenza isakhelo sesithuba esiqhubekayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ezine-span enye, izakhiwo eziphindwe kabini zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu, ezivumela iimfuno zesithuba esikhulu. Bakwabonelela ngentsebenzo ephuculweyo ye-seismic, njengoko iindawo ezimbini ezimeleneyo zibonelela ngenkxaso efanayo, ziphucula uzinzo ngokubanzi.

Izakhiwo zefektri yentsimbi ephindwe kabini zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ngokukodwa kwiimeko zemveliso ezifuna indawo enkulu, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, kunye nokuchasana okunamandla kwe-seismic. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa neefektri ezinexesha elinye, iifektri eziphindwe kabini kunokuba nzima kwaye kubize kakhulu ukuzakha.

3. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi eninzi

Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ye-Multi-span lukwabhekiselele kuyo isakhiwo esikhulu sentsimbi, Isakhiwo sentsimbi esine-multi-span kunye ne-horizontal span enkulu kwaye kufuneka ixhaswe ngamakholomu amaninzi ensimbi kunye neentsimbi zetsimbi.

Imigangatho yeeworkshops zentsimbi ye-multi-span azikho phezulu kakhulu. Uyilo lwayo lokukhanyisa lufana nezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zebhubhoratri yophando lwenzululwazi, njl., kwaye ubukhulu becala zisebenzisa izikimu zokukhanyisa ze-fluorescent.

Izityalo zemveliso yokulungisa oomatshini, isinyithi, impahla yelaphu, kunye namanye amashishini ngokuqhelekileyo anomgangatho omnye. izakhiwo zoshishino, kwaye ngokweemfuno zemveliso, zizityalo ezininzi ze-multi-span-single-story plant, oko kukuthi, izityalo ezininzi ze-span ezilungiselelwe ngokuhambelanayo. Iimfuno zinokufana okanye zahluke.

Ubude kunye nokuphakama kwendawo yokusebenzela zizinto eziphambili eziqwalaselwa kuyilo lokukhanyisa kwiworkshop. Ukongeza, ngokuqhubeka kokuveliswa kwemveliso kunye neemfuno zothutho lwemveliso phakathi kwamacandelo omsebenzi, uninzi lwezityalo zemizi-mveliso zixhotyiswe ngeekhreyini, ezinokuthi zibe nobunzima obuphakamisa obuyi-3 ukuya kwe-5, kwaye i-crane enkulu inokufikelela kumakhulu eetoni. .

Ngoko ke, ukukhanya kwefektri ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa ngezibane ezifakwe kwi-truss yophahla. Umphezulu wesakhiwo sefektri ngokuqhelekileyo uphezulu, kwaye uninzi lwazo zakhiwo zentsimbi. Xa ukuhlobisa, ukukhuselwa komlilo, ukungena komoya, kunye ne-air conditioning ephakathi kufuneka kuyilwe kuqala, kuba ezi zizixhobo eziyimfuneko ze-hardware kumhlobiso wefektri.

Iinkcukacha zoLwakhiwo lweNsimbi – UKhetho lweSpani

Isithuba sesakhiwo sentsimbi sibhekisa kumgama phakathi kweziphelo zaso ezimbini, ngokuqhelekileyo isithuba somqadi okanye i-hangout. Luphawu olubalulekileyo lwamandla kunye nozinzo lwesakhiwo, lumisela amandla aso okumelana nomthwalo woyilo. Ikwachaphazela kakhulu iindleko zayo kunye nobunzima bokwakha.

Ubude bezakhiwo zentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo bulandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo yemodyuli yokwakha ngokubanzi. Ukuphindaphinda kweemitha ezintathu ziimitha ezili-18, iimitha ezingama-21, njl., kodwa ukuba kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuseta ubungakanani bemodyuli, kodwa amacandelo aphezulu athengwa. Ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo, kufuneka yenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Kwiiprojekthi zolwakhiwo lwentsimbi, isithuba phakathi kwee-axes zokumisa iilongitudinal ezimbini ezikufutshane ziphawulwa luphawu loyilo. Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi ebanzi lubhekisa kwisithuba esingaphezulu (24m). I-axis yokumisa kufuneka ihambelane ne-axis yegridi engundoqo. Umgama phakathi kwemigca yokumisa kufuneka uhambelane nobukhulu bemodyuli ukumisela indawo kunye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo okanye amacandelo.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuchongwa ixesha elifanelekileyo lesakhiwo sensimbi:

1. Iimfuno zomthwalo: Ubude besakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka sinqunywe ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lomthwalo wokuyila ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo: Ubude bombhobho wesakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka bunqunywe ngokusekelwe kumandla kunye nokuqina kwezinto zokuqinisekisa ubungakanani bomthwalo wesakhiwo sensimbi.
3. Imigangatho yokuyila: Ubude besakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka sibalwe kwaye sinqunywe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekisa ukuyila okufanelekileyo nokukhuselekileyo.
4. Iimeko zeprojekthi: Xa umisela ubude besakhiwo sensimbi, iimeko ezithile zeprojekthi, ezifana neemeko zokwakha kunye nokunciphisa indawo, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

Iinkcukacha zoLwakhiwo lwentsimbi - Umgama weKholamu

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazelayo ezimisela umgama wekholomu kunye nesithuba esifanelekileyo sesakhelo sentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, inani leziseko zezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi ye-portal liya kuchaphazela umgama wekholomu. Inani leziseko ezibambekayo linempembelelo enkulu kwindleko yeprojekthi iyonke.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umgama wekholomu ye-9m uya kunciphisa kakhulu inani lemisebenzi yesiseko kunomgama wekholomu ye-6m. Ikwachaphazela ixesha lokwakha. Inani lamacandelo liya kuncitshiswa ukuba isithuba sekholomu sikhulu, esiluncedo ekunciphiseni iindleko zokuthutha.

Kwaye ikwanciphisa inani lemisebenzi yokunyusa kwaye inciphise ixesha lokwakha. Ukunciphisa inani leziseko zekhonkrithi kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokwakha kwaye kuncede umnini ukuba ayisebenzise ngokukhawuleza.

Steel Structure Iinkcukacha-Roof ithambeka

Uphahla lwesakhiwo sesakhelo sethambeka: Uphahla lwesakhiwo esinethambeka elikhulu okanye elilingana ne-10 ° nangaphantsi kwama-75 °. I-slope ye-sloping roof ihluka kakhulu.

Imigaqo yophahla imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Uphahla olunomthambeka omnye ongaphezulu kwe-9m kufuneka lusetyenziswe ekufumaneni i-slope yesakhiwo, kwaye ithambeka kufuneka lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-3%.
• Xa ukhangele amathambeka ngezinto eziphathekayo, izinto ezikhanyayo okanye iileyile zokugquma zingasetyenziselwa ukufumana amathambeka, kwaye ithambeka kufuneka libe yi-2%.
• Ithambeka le-longitudinal le-gutter kunye ne-eves ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-1%, kwaye ukuhla kwamanzi ezantsi kwe-gutter akusayi kudlula i-200mm; Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwi-gutter kunye ne-eves akuyi kuhamba kwii-deformation joints kunye ne-firewall.

INkcukacha yoLwakhiwo lweNsimbi-Amacandelo eSakhiwo seNsimbi

Iintsika zentsimbi: Njengenye yezinto eziphambili ezithwala imithwalo yesakhiwo sensimbi, zixhasa ubunzima besakhiwo sonke. Ubungakanani kunye nenani leentsika zetsimbi zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezithile zokujongana noyilo lwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zomthwalo.

Imiqadi yentsimbi: Amalungu aphambili anqamlekileyo adibanisa iikholomu zetsimbi, ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa nokudlulisa imithwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zakhiwe ukusuka kwi-I-beams okanye amanye amacandelo entsimbi, anikezela ukuxhathisa ukugoba okugqwesileyo. Ubude kunye nemilinganiselo ye-cross-sectional of the beams inqunywe yi-span, umthwalo, kunye neemfuno zenkxaso.

Iinkxaso kunye namaqhina: Izixhaso eziqinileyo zakhiwe ukusuka kumacandelo entsimbi eshushu, ngokuqhelekileyo intsimbi ye-angle. Iinkxaso eziguquguqukayo zakhiwe kwintsimbi ejikelezayo. Izibophelelo zityhubhu zetsimbi ezijikelezayo ezicinezelayo, zenza inkqubo evaliweyo yomthwalo kunye nezixhaso.

IiPurini zophahla kunye neMitha eludongeni: Ngokuqhelekileyo yakhiwe ngentsimbi yecandelo le-C okanye intsimbi yecandelo le-Z. Zithwala imikhosi edluliselwe ukusuka eluphahleni kunye neepaneli zodonga kwaye zigqithise le mikhosi kwiikholamu kunye nemiqadi.

Amalungu: Amanqaku kwisakhiwo sentsimbi apho amacandelo adibanisa okanye adibanisa. Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwamalungu kubalulekile kuzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwesakhiwo sonke. Amalungu ahlala eqiniswa ngamacandelo afana nokuqinisa iiplati kunye neepads ukunyusa umthamo wabo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuzinza.

Ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zetsimbi, la macandelo ahlelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye axhunyiwe ukuze enze isakhiwo esizinzileyo nesikhuselekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo kunye nenani lamacandelo kwisakhiwo sensimbi sinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo oluthile kunye nesicelo.

Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo lwentsimbi:

1. Amandla aphezulu ezinto eziphathekayo

Nangona ubuninzi bentsimbi bukhulu, amandla ayo aphezulu kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokwakha, umlinganiselo wokuxinana kobuninzi ukuya kwindawo yokuvunwa yentsimbi yeyona incinci.

2. Ubunzima

Umxholo wetsimbi wesakhiwo esiphambili sesakhiwo sensimbi ngokuqhelekileyo sijikeleze i-25KG / -80KG, kwaye ubunzima beplate yensimbi enombala ingaphantsi kwe-10KG. I-self-weight yendlu yesakhiwo sensimbi yi-1 / 8-1 / 3 kuphela yesakhiwo sekhonkrithi, enokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zesiseko.

3. Ikhuselekile kwaye inokuthenjwa

Intsimbi kukuthungwa, isotropy, imodyuli enkulu elastiki, iplastiki elungileyo, kunye nokuqina. Ibalwa ngokwale ndlu yesakhiwo sensimbi. Ichanekile kwaye inokuthenjwa.

4. Imveliso yoshishino

Inokuveliswa ngobuninzi kwiibhetshi kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokuvelisa. Indlela yokwakha yokwenziwa kwefektri kunye nokufakwa kwendawo kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokwakha kunye nokuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho.

5. Enhle

I-enclosure yesakhiwo sensimbi I-BUILDING yenziwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi anombala, kwaye ubomi benkonzo buyiminyaka engama-30 ngaphandle kokucima kunye nokubola. Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kombala weplate yensimbi, imigca yesakhiwo icacile, imbonakalo ikhululekile, kwaye kulula ukuyilo.

6. Sebenzisa kwakhona

I-mainframe yesakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo idibaniswe ngamabhotshi aphakamileyo, kwaye i-plate edibeneyo ixhunywe yi-self-tapping screws. Kukulungele ukuqhaqha.

7. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwenyikima

Njengoko inxalenye ephambili yokuthwala imithwalo yesakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo sensimbi, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuqina kukhulu. Ukuchaswa kwe-shear kunye ne-torsion ye-purlins kunye nenkxaso phakathi kweekholomu kunye nemiqadi iphakamisa kakhulu ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke.

8. Uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo