Amacandelo okwakhiwa kwensimbi zizinto ezisisiseko zesakhiwo sezakhiwo zentsimbi, ezibandakanya iindawo ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi ezivela kwiintsimbi ezithwala imithwalo ukuya kwizinto ezincedisayo zokukhusela. Ngokudibeneyo, benza isakhelo sesakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza. Ezi zixhobo zensimbi azisetyenziswanga ngokuzimeleyo ngokuzimeleyo; endaweni yoko, benza inkqubo yolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano zenzululwazi, ekwaziyo ukuthwala isakhiwo self-ubunzima kunye nemithwalo evela kubasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, lo gama nokuxhathisa amandla angaphandle ezifana umoya neenyikima.
Xa kuthelekiswa namacandelo okwakha aqhelekileyo, olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwamacandelo okwakha intsimbi kukuba uninzi lwala macandelo lunokwenziwa ngokuchaneka kwangaphambili kwimizi-mveliso, emva koko luhanjiswe kwindawo yokwakha ukuze ludibane ngokukhawuleza, lucuthe kakhulu ixesha lokwakha. Ukusuka kwiifreyimu zentsimbi ze-portal zezityalo zemizi-mveliso ezinomgangatho omnye ukuya kwiinkqubo zesakhelo ze izakhiwo zentsimbi ezinemigangatho emininzi, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwii-trusses ezide, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo ensimbi ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa iimfuno phantse zonke iimeko zokwakha ngokuhambelana nokuguquguqukayo-kwaye kungenxa yoko zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zoshishino zanamhlanje.
Ingaba iikholomu zetsimbi kunye neentsimbi zetsimbi ezithwala imithwalo ephambili, okanye amalungu axhasayo ancedisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, yonke icandelo lokwakha isinyithi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo kunye nokuqonda iimfuno zokusebenza.
Intshayelelo emfutshane yeSibonelelo soKwakha iSimbi
Ukuqonda ukubunjwa kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ngetsimbi, kubalulekile ukucacisa imisebenzi ephambili kunye neempawu zezinto eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi. Okulandelayo, siya kucazulula la macandelo abe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu: amalungu aphambili esakhiwo kunye namalungu esakhiwo sesibini. Emva koko siya kuchaza ngokubanzi iindima ezisebenzayo kunye neempawu zobugcisa zecandelo ngalinye eliphambili, elijolise ekusekeni ulwahlulo olucacileyo kunye noluchwephesha lwamacandelo ezakhiwo zoshishino ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ngokugxininiswa kwindlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zentsimbi ezidibanisayo ukuze zenze isakhiwo esidibeneyo.
Amacandelo Angundoqo Olwakhiwo Lwentsimbi:
- Iintsika zentsimbi: Ukukhonza njengezinto eziphambili ezithwala imithwalo phakathi kwezinto zokwakha zensimbi, iikholomu zetsimbi zithwala yonke imithwalo ethe nkqo yesityalo, kubandakanywa ubunzima bophahla, umgangatho, kunye noxinzelelo lwezixhobo, kwaye udlulisele le mithwalo kwisiseko. Iintsika zetsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizityalo zemizi-mveliso zenziwe ngentsimbi edityanisiweyo yecandelo le-H. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile kokuthwala amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okwenza kube lula kwiimfuno zomthwalo wezityalo ezahlukeneyo-into ebalulekileyo eqinisa indima yayo njengento ephambili yesakhiwo sentsimbi.
- Iintsimbi zentsimbi : Ukusebenza kwi-tandem kunye neentsika zetsimbi ukwenza inkqubo yokuthwala umthwalo wesityalo, iintsimbi zensimbi (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-steel frame beams) zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha zentsimbi ezijongene nokudlulisa imithwalo ethe nkqo ukusuka eluphahleni (njengokuqokelelwa kwekhephu kunye nobunzima bophahla) kwiintsika zetsimbi. Ngokuyintloko zenziwe ngentsimbi yecandelo le-H, zinamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla afanayo, ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesityalo sokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwenkqubo yecandelo lokwakha intsimbi.
- Imihlathi ekwaziyo ukumelana nomoya: Icandelo elikhethekileyo lensimbi yesakhiwo sokuzinza kwecala, iikholomu ezichasene nomoya zihambisa ubukhulu becala imithwalo yomoya kunye nemikhosi ethe tye ukusuka eluphahleni, ngelixa idibanisa isakhiwo sophahla eludongeni. Oku kuthintela iindonga ezisecaleni zesityalo ukuba zingaguquki phantsi kwemimoya ebhudla ngamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngentsimbi yecandelo le-H, zihambelana kakuhle kunye neentsika zetsimbi kunye neentsimbi zetsimbi, ziqinisekisa uxhulumaniso oluzinzileyo lwesakhiwo kunye nokuphucula ukuchasana komoya jikelele kwenkqubo yesakhiwo sensimbi.
- Iipurlins: Njengamacandelo okwakhiwa kwentsimbi yesibini ehambisa imithwalo phantsi kwamalungu aphambili, i-roof purlins yakhiwe kwiintsimbi zetsimbi, kwaye i-purlins eludongeni igxininiswe kwiikholomu zodonga. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukudlulisa ngokulinganayo imithwalo ukusuka eluphahleni nakwiindonga (ezifana nempembelelo yomoya kunye nemvula, kunye nobunzima beepaneli) kwiiplanga kunye neentsika. Ubukhulu obuncinci kuneentsimbi zetsimbi, i-purlins ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ukusuka kwi-C-section okanye i-Z-section steel-features ezenza zibe lula, ziqikelele ekuthwaleni amandla, kwaye ziguquguquke ekufakeni, zigxininise indima yazo njengezinto ezisebenzayo zensimbi ezincedisayo.
- Imijelo: Ifakwe kwindawo yophahla lwentsimbi okanye isiphambuka sobubanzi obuphezulu okanye obuphantsi, iigatha zeepleyiti zentsimbi zizinto zokwakha zentsimbi ezisebenzayo eziyilelwe ukuqokelela amanzi emvula eluphahleni kwaye ziwakhuphele ngaphandle ngemibhobho yamanzi. Oku kuthintela amanzi emvula ekuqokeleleni kwizikhewu zophahla, kuthintela ukubola kwezinye iindawo zentsimbi, kwaye kumisa amanzi emvula ukuba angangeni ngaphakathi kwesityalo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ukuqina kophahla kunye nesakhiwo sonke sentsimbi.
- Imiqadi yeCrane: Kwizityalo ezifuna ufakelo lwecrane, imiqadi yecrane zizinto eziyimfuneko zentsimbi. Zisebenza njengesiseko sokubeka iileyili zecrane, zingathwali kuphela ubunzima becrane kodwa kunye nemithwalo ethe nkqo nethe tyaba eyenziwe ngexesha lomsebenzi wecrane. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuzinza xa i-crane ihamba kwiireyile kwaye iphakamisa iimpahla, ibenze icandelo elikhethekileyo lokwakhiwa kwentsimbi kwizityalo zoshishino kunye neemfuno zokuphakamisa.
Amacandelo aNcedisayo oLwakhiwo lweSibini (Amacandelo aNcedisayo kwiZakhiwo zentsimbi) :
- Iibracing ezixwesileyo: Ifakwe kuphahla lwesityalo, i-horizontal bracings zizinto ezincedisayo zentsimbi yokuqulunqa izinto eziphucula ukuqina okupheleleyo kophahla. Banciphisa ubude bokubala ngaphandle kwendiza yamalungu e-chord (amacandelo e-trusses), angagcini nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kodwa nokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwecala lamalungu e-chord phantsi koxinzelelo. Ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngentsimbi engqukuva, zibonakalisa ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokufakwa lula, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zibe neendleko-ezisebenzayo iinxalenye zentsimbi ezincedisayo.
- I-Inter-Column Bracings: Icandelo elibalulekileyo lolwakhiwo lwentsimbi ukwenzela ukuqina kwecala, ikakhulu bomeleza ubulukhuni besakhiwo. Idityaniswe kunye ne-bracings ethe tye, idibanisa ngokudibeneyo ukuqina / ukuzinza kwe-longitudinal-kubalulekile kukumelana nomoya / ukunyikima kunye nokunciphisa i-sway. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo: i-trapezoidal bracings (imithwalo eqhelekileyo) kunye ne-bracings yentsimbi yombhobho (imithwalo enzima / iimfuno zokuzinza okuphezulu kumacandelo okwakhiwa kwensimbi).
- Iintambo zokubopha: Yenziwe ngentsimbi ejikelezileyo, imivalo yokuhlala (esetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye nemivalo yokuhlala ethe tye kunye nemivalo yokuhlala ediagonal) zizinto ezincinci zokwakha zentsimbi ezincedisayo. Umsebenzi wabo kukunciphisa i-deformation yecala kunye ne-torsion of purlins, ukuphucula umthamo wokuthwala i-purlins, kunye nokuthintela umonakalo owenziwe kwangaphambili kwi-purlins ngenxa yokuguqulwa-ngokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yale nxalenye yesakhiwo sentsimbi yesibini.
- Tension Tie: Izibophelelo zoxinzelelo zilungiswa ukusuka kwityhubhu zentsimbi ezijikelezayo, ezinobunzima obukhaphukhaphu kodwa obuqinileyo obaneleyo. Indima yabo ephambili kukuphucula ukuqina okupheleleyo kwesityalo, ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlakazekileyo kwinkqubo yokubambisana yendawo-ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwejometri yesakhiwo kunye nokuthintela amalungu oxinzelelo ukuba angaguquki emacaleni.
- Iipaneli zophahla kunye neePaneli zodonga: Ubukhulu becala amashiti esinyithi acekethekileyo okanye iipaneli zesangweji ezihlanganisiweyo, ezimiliselwe kwiipurlins. Njengezinto ezikhuselayo zokwakha intsimbi, zivimba umoya kunye nemvula, imithwalo yeebhere, kunye neepaneli ezidibeneyo zibonelela ngokufakwa kwe-thermal.
- TereIibholiti zeAnchor ezizinzisiweyo kunye neeBolts: Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokudibanisa izinto zentsimbi yokwakha. Iibholiti ze-anchor zilungisa iikholamu kwiziseko; ezinye iibholiti ziqhagamshela imiqadi, iikholamu/iipurlins, kunye nemiqadi. Baqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komthwalo owomeleleyo-olubalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwemfezeko nokhuseleko.
- Iibraces zeGusset: Iinkcukacha-ezijoliswe kwiinxalenye zokwakha zentsimbi ezifakwe kwiikholam-beam junctions; bongeza ukuqina okudibeneyo. Oku kuthintela i-deformation yendawo phantsi koxinzelelo (umzekelo, amandla anqamlekileyo), ukukhusela ukuzinza koqhagamshelwano olungundoqo kwisakhiwo.
Yeyiphi indima edlalwa kwi-Inter-Column Bracing (iCandelo elingundoqo leSakhiwo sentsimbi) kwiZakhiwo zentsimbi eseziFakelwe?
I-Inter-column bracing yinto ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezixhobo zensimbi zokwakha kwizakhiwo ezenziwe ngentsimbi, kwaye ixabiso layo elisebenzayo alikwazi ukujongelwa phantsi.
Okokuqala kunye nokuphambili, i-inter-column bracing iphakamisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuzinza okupheleleyo kwezakhiwo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili. Njengamalungu ensimbi yesakhiwo esithwele umthwalo, iikholomu zithwala imithwalo eyahlukeneyo ukusuka eluphahleni nakwiindonga zangaphandle; i-inter-column bracing, ngokusebenza "njengekhonkco lokudibanisa" phakathi kwezi kholamu, yenza inkqubo yenkxaso eyomeleleyo. Le nkqubo isasaza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye idlulisa imithwalo-efana noxinzelelo oluthe nkqo ukusuka eluphahleni okanye imikhosi esecaleni ukusuka emoyeni-ukuthintela isakhiwo sensimbi ekukhubazekeni okanye ukuwa phantsi kweempembelelo zangaphandle.
Okwesibini, i-inter-column bracing inegalelo elikhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-seismic yezakhiwo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili. Iintlekele zendalo ezifana neenyikima zihlala zibeka isoyikiso esimandla kwizakhiwo ezenziwe ngentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, i-inter-column bracing eyilwe kakuhle-udidi oluphambili lwecandelo lolwakhiwo lwentsimbi-lunokufunxa kwaye lusasaze amandla aveliswa ngumsebenzi we-seismic. Ngokunciphisa i-vibration amplitude yesakhiwo ngexesha lenyikima, ikhusela imfezeko yesakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwisakhelo sonke sentsimbi.
Ukongeza, i-inter-column bracing inempembelelo entle kubume besithuba kunye nosetyenziso olusebenzayo lwe izakhiwo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngaphambili. Ngoyilo olunengqiqo, inceda ukulungelelanisa ulungelelwaniso lwangaphakathi, ukususa imiqobo engeyomfuneko kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kwendawo. Ngaphezu koko, i-inter-column bracing isebenza njengeendawo ezizinzileyo zenkxaso kumaziko ancedisayo njengezixhobo zoshishino kunye nemibhobho. Oku kuququzelela ukufakwa ngokucwangcisiweyo kunye nokusebenza kwezi zixhobo, ngakumbi ukugqamisa indima yayo ebonakalayo njengenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zentsimbi esele zenziwe zilungelelanise ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo kunye nokuguquguquka okusebenzayo.
Indima ephambili yeeFremu zeNkxaso zeThutyana ekufakeni iZibonelelo zeZakhiwo zeNtsimbi
Ngethuba lokufakela izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, iifreyimu zenkxaso yesikhashana ziyizinto ezibalulekileyo ezincedisayo. Umsebenzi wabo ongundoqo kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuzinza kokufakela izinto zokwakha zentsimbi, ngokukodwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Okokuqala, bagcina uzinzo lwexeshana lwamacandelo. Emva kokuba amacandelo okwakhiwa kwentsimbi aphakanyiselwe, ayengakabikho uxhulumaniso oluzinzileyo kunye namanye amalungu asisigxina. Bethembele kumandla abo bodwa, bayasokola ukuxhathisa ubunzima babo, amandla omoya, okanye ungquzulwano lwezakhiwo, kwaye bathanda ukuncama okanye bashukume. Izakhelo zenkxaso zexeshana zinokubonelela ngenkxaso ethe nkqo okanye ethe tyaba, ukudibanisa kunye namacandelo, umhlaba, okanye sele efakelwe izakhiwo ezizinzileyo ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukungazinzi kwecandelo.
Okwesibini, bancedisa ekubekweni kwecandelo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuneemfuno eziqinileyo zokuphakama kwecandelo kunye nokuma. Uninzi lwezakhelo zenkxaso zexeshana zinezakhiwo ezilungelelanisiweyo; abasebenzi bokwakha banokulinganisa iiparitha ezifana nokuma kweekholamu zetsimbi kunye nomgangatho weentsimbi zentsimbi ngokulungelelanisa ubude kunye ne-angle. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kofakelo kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, ukubeka isiseko soqhagamshelo olusisigxina olulandelayo.
Okwesithathu, babelana ngemithwalo yethutyana. Ngethuba lesigaba sofakelo, amacandelo kufuneka athwale ubunzima bawo, kunye nobunzima babasebenzi bokwakha kunye nezixhobo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kumacandelo amakhulu okanye amancinci-ngaphambi kokuba adibanise kwinkqubo yonke, iindawo zendawo zixhomekeke ekugqithiseni, ukuguqulwa, okanye ukuqhekeka. Ngenkxaso yamanqaku amaninzi, izakhelo zenkxaso zexeshana zidlulisela imithwalo ngokulinganayo kwisiseko, ukukhusela ingqibelelo yamacandelo.
Ekugqibeleni, baqinisekisa ukhuseleko lolwakhiwo ngokubanzi. Ngaphambi kokuba udibaniso olusisigxina lugqitywe, amacandelo aphakanyisiweyo asasazwa, kwaye ukuxhathisa ngokubanzi kwe-lateral displacement kubuthathaka. Izakhelo zenkxaso zexeshana zinokudibanisa la macandelo ukwenza inkqubo yethutyana yokuthwala umthwalo, iphucula ukuxhathisa umoya kunye nokungcangcazela kunye nokuphepha ukungazinzi ngokubanzi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uyilo kunye nomiselo lwezakhelo zenkxaso zexeshana kufuneka ziqhube ukuqinisekiswa komthamo wokuthwala; emva kokuba isakhiwo esisisigxina siphumelele ukuhlolwa, kufuneka sichithwe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha kunye nokulandelelana.
Qhagamshelana nathi >>
Unemibuzo okanye ufuna uncedo? Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, kufuneka wazi ukuba phantse zonke izakhiwo zentsimbi ze-prefab zenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Iqela lethu lobunjineli liya kuyilwa ngokwesantya somoya wasekhaya, umthwalo wemvula, length*width*ubude, kunye nezinye iinketho ezongezelelweyo. Okanye, sinokulandela imizobo yakho. Nceda undixelele imfuno yakho, kwaye siya kwenza okuseleyo!
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Malunga noMbhali: K-HOME
K-home Steel Structure Co., Ltd ithatha indawo ye-120,000 square metres. Sibandakanyeka kuyilo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi, ulwakhiwo, kunye ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zentsimbi ye-PEB kunye neepaneli zesandwich ezineziqinisekiso zekontraka zebakala lesibini jikelele. Iimveliso zethu zigubungela izakhiwo zentsimbi ezikhanyayo, Izakhiwo zePEB, izindlu ze-prefab zamaxabiso aphantsi, izindlu zeekhonteyina, intsimbi ye-C / Z, iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zepleyiti yensimbi yombala, i-PU sandwich panels, iipaneli ze-eps sandwich, iipaneli ze-sandwich zoboya, iipaneli zegumbi elibandayo, iipleyiti zokucoca, kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha.