Yintoni iArc Welding? Itekhnoloji ye-Structural Steel Welding

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-welding kwiprosesa yensimbi, kodwa i-arc i-welding isetyenziswa ikakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zokuwelda i-arc zilula, kulula ukuba abasebenzi basebenze, kwaye umgangatho we-weld unokwethenjelwa, kukho iinzuzo ezininzi.

I-arc welding inokwahlulwa ibe welding arc manual, ukuwelda kwe-arc okuzenzekelayo okanye okuzenzekelayo kwaye ukuwelda okukhuselwe ngegesi ngokwenqanaba lokuzenzekelayo kokusebenza kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi esityhidiweyo ngexesha le-welding.

Emva koko ezi zilandelayo ziindlela ze-welding zezi zakhiwo zetsimbi.

UkuFunda okuqhubekayo: Idityanisiwe yeSplice eDityanisiweyo kwiSakhiwo seNsimbi

Iindidi ze I-Arc Welding

1. Ukuwelda kweArc ngesandla  

Indlela yokuxhomekeka kubushushu be-arc ibizwa ngokuba yi-arc welding. I-arc welding manual luhlobo lwe-arc welding kunye nentonga ye-welding manual, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-welding yezakhiwo zetsimbi.  

I-weldment kunye ne-electrode zi-electrode ezimbini ezivelisa i-arc, i-arc ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi, i-weldment kunye ne-electrode enyibilikisiweyo, i-electrode end iyanyibilika ukuze yenze i-droplet, inguqu kwi-fusion yesiseko sesinyithi se-weldment enyibilikisiweyo. , ukubunjwa kwedama kunye noluhlu lweempendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba-metallurgical. Njengoko i-arc ishukuma, idama elingulwelo elityhidiweyo liphola ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye libe yikristale ukwenza i-weld.

Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obuphezulu, ukubanda kwi-electrode coating kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ye-slag etyhidiweyo, egubungela umphezulu wechibi elityhidiweyo lesinyithi, ayinakukhusela kuphela ubushushu obuphezulu bechibi elityhidiweyo lesinyithi kunye nokusabela okuyingozi kwe-oksijini kunye nitrogen emoyeni, kwaye nako ukuthatha inxaxheba kwichibi etyhidiweyo reaction yekhemikhali kunye seeping ingxubevange, njl, kwindawo yokupholisa kunye nokuqiniswa komhlaba wesinyithi, yenza iqokobhe le-slag elikhuselayo.

2. I-arc ye-arc ezenzekelayo okanye i-semi-automatic  

I-arc ye-arc ezenzekelayo i-welding iphezulu kune-welding ye-manual ngenxa yoxinaniso lobushushu be-arc, ngoko inobunzulu bokungena okukhulu, umgangatho we-weld ofanayo, iziphene ezimbalwa zangaphakathi, iplastiki efanelekileyo kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo. Umgangatho wokuwelda kwe-arc entywilayo ngaphantsi kwamanzi kuphakathi kwe-arc ye-arc ezenzekelayo kunye ne-welding manual.

Ukongeza, i-arc welding ezenzekelayo okanye i-semi-automatic submerged arc inesantya esiphezulu se-welding, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye neemeko ezilungileyo zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, isicelo sabo sikwanqunyelwe yimiqathango yayo, kuba i-welder kufuneka ihambe kunye nomzila wesikhokelo we-weld, ngoko kufuneka kubekho iimeko ezithile zokusebenza.

3. Ukuwelda okukhuselwe yigesi

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fusion gas arc welding, i-CO2 okanye i-gesi ye-inert isetyenziselwa ukudala indawo yokukhusela yendawo ejikeleze i-arc ukukhusela ukuhlasela kweegesi ezinobungozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenkqubo ye-welding.

I-welding-position yonke, umgangatho omhle, isantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonga amandla, akukho mfuneko yokususa i-welding slag emva kwe-welding, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuphepha umoya xa udibanisa.

Izinto zokuwelda

Izinto zokuwelda ziquka i-electrode, ucingo, umgubo wesinyithi, i-flux, igesi, njl.

intonga welding

Umcu wesinyithi ogcwalisa i-joint of welder ngexesha legesi okanye i-welding yombane. I-electrode idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizinto ezifanayo kunye ne-workpiece. I-electrode yi-electrode enyibilikayo ye-electrode arc welding kunye ne-coating, equlethwe yi-coating kunye ne-welding core.  

ucingo welding

Ucingo luyimpahla ye-wire welding esetyenziswa njengentsimbi yokuzalisa okanye njengomqhubi wombane. Kwi-welding yegesi kunye ne-tungsten ye-arc ekhuselwe ngegesi, i-welding wire isetyenziswe njengentsimbi yokuzalisa; Kwi-welding ye-arc engaphantsi kwamanzi, i-esG ye-welding kunye nenye i-GAS-ekhuselwe i-arc welding, ucingo lwe-welding zombini isinyithi sokuzalisa kunye ne-electrode conductive. Umphezulu wocingo lwe-welding awufakwanga nge-anti-oxidation flux.  

Umgubo wesinyithi

I-Metal powder ibhekisela kwiqela lentsimbi elinobukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-1mm. Umgubo wesinyithi omnye, umgubo wealloyi kunye nomgubo oxutywe nenye edityanisiweyo oneempawu zetsimbi yeyona mathiriyeli ikrwada yomgubo wesinyithi.  

flow

I-Flux, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-agent ye-brazing, inenkcazo ebanzi, kuquka ityuwa etyhidiweyo, i-organic matter, igesi esebenzayo, umphunga wesinyithi, njl., oko kukuthi, ukongeza kwisiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-solder, ngokubanzi ibhekisela kuhlobo lwesithathu lwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-interface tension phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-solder.  

Gesi

Irhasi yenye yeendawo ezine ezisisiseko zematha (ezinye ezintathu ziqinile, zilulwelo kunye neplasma). Iigesi zinokuqulunqwa ngeathom enye (umzekelo, iigesi eziphakamileyo), iimolekyuli ze-elementi zento enye (umzekelo, ioksijini), iimolekyuli ezidityanisiweyo zeziqalelo ezininzi (umz., ikharbon diokside), njalo njalo.

Imeko kunye neeMfuno

Abashiseli baya kuba bafaneleke ngoqeqesho kwaye bafumane izatifikethi zemfundo ngaphambi kokuba benze umsebenzi wokuwelda.

Kwii-welds ezibalulekileyo zeendawo ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo, zombini iziphelo ze-welds okanye i-intersection ye-welds kufuneka igxininiswe ngekhowudi ye-welder.

Ngaphambi kwe-welding, iindawo ze-welding kufuneka zihlanjululwe kukungcola kufuphi nomphezulu we-weld, njenge-oxide scale, ioli, i-anticorrosive paint, njl.

Xa welding ngaphantsi kwe degrees Celsius, le miqathango ilandelayo kufuneka kuqatshelwe:

• Qinisekisa ukuba i-weld inokuncipha ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha le-welding;
• musa ukusebenzisa isando esinzima ukubetha iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zesakhiwo;
• Ngaphambi kwe-welding, susa yonke iqhwa kunye nekhephu kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zesakhiwo;
• Ngaphambi kwe-welding, preheat ngokwemiqathango, ubushushu obuthile buchongwa ngokwenkqubo yovavanyo.

Phambi ukuwelda kufuneka preheated ngokungqinelana nezibonelelo, kufuneka itywiniwe ukuwelda motherboard (web), ipleyiti ubambo, isiphelo sesahlulelo (ulwalathiso ukutyeba) kunye isinxibelelanisi evezwa ekupheleni umsantsa;

Iindawo ezifihliweyo zesakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka zifakwe, zifakwe kwaye zitywinwe emva kokuhlolwa kokudlula.

Ukuwelda kwebutt emacaleni kabini kufuneka kuchole ingcambu ye-welding, ingcambu ye-welding ye-pick inokusebenzisa ifotsholo ye-pneumatic, i-carbon arc gouging, i-gouging kunye neendlela zokucubungula ngoomatshini.

I-Multi-layer welding iya kuxutywa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye uluhlu ngalunye lwe-weld pass luya kuhlanjululwa kwaye luhlolwe ngexesha emva kwe-welding, kwaye iziphene ziya kususwa phambi kwe-welding.

Kwinkqubo ye-welding, sebenzisa indawo ye-welding flat kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngexesha le-welding, musa ukusebenzisa i-electrode ene-peeling okanye i-rusty welding core kunye ne-flux ene-agglomeration emanzi kunye negobolondo le-slag eliye lanyibilika; I-wire welding kunye ne-welding nail kufuneka ihlambuluke kwioli kunye nomhlwa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.

Iyunithi yokwakha yokusetyenziswa kokuqala kwentsimbi, izixhobo zokuwelda, iindlela zokuwelda, unyango lobushushu emva kwe-welding, njl., Uya kuqhuba uvavanyo lwenkqubo ye-welding, ubhale ingxelo yovavanyo lwenkqubo, kwaye unqume inkqubo ye-welding ngokwengxelo yovavanyo.

I-Welder stop welding ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6, kufuneka ihlaziywe kwakhona.

I-Welding, i-welders kufuneka ihambelane nenkqubo ye-welding, kungekhona i-welding yamahhala kunye ne-arc kwisiseko sesinyithi ngaphandle kwe-weld bead.

I-butt joint, i-t-shaped joint, i-joint joint, i-joint joint, i-cross joint butt weld kunye ne-butt kunye nekona edibeneyo ye-weld ye-welding, kufuneka ibekwe kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-arc ye-welding kunye ne-lead plate, i-material kunye ne-groove form kufuneka ifane ne-weldment.

Ubude bokuqaliswa kwe-arc kunye ne-lead weld: i-arc welding ephantsi kwamanzi kufuneka ibe mkhulu kune-50mm, i-arc ye-manual kunye ne-gas-shielded welding kufuneka ibe mkhulu kune-20mm. Emva kwe-welding, ukusika kwegesi kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukunqumla i-arc kunye nepleyiti yokukhokela, kwaye ipholishelwe ngokugudileyo, ayiyi kudutyulwa phantsi ngehamile.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-Weld, i-welders ayiyi kusingatha ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa, kufuneka ifumane isizathu, ibeke inkqubo yokulungisa inokucutshungulwa. Inani lokulungiswa kwenxalenye efanayo ye-weld akufanele idlule amaxesha amabini. Xa kwenziwa ngaphezu kwamaxesha amabini, inkqubo yokulungisa kufuneka iqhutywe ngokwenkqubo yokulungisa.  

Emva kwe-welding, i-welder kufuneka ihlambulule i-slag ebusweni be-weld kunye ne-spatter kumacala omabini, kwaye ukhangele umgangatho wokubonakala kwe-weld. Emva kokugqithisa ukuhlolwa, uphawu lwentsimbi ye-welder luya kwenziwa kwi-welding seam part echazwe kwinkqubo.

Intsimbi yolwakhiwo lwekhabhoni kufuneka ipholiswe kwiqondo lobushushu lendawo kwiweld, kwaye intsimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephantsi kufuneka idityaniswe iiyure ezingama-24 phambi kokuhlolwa kweweld.