Izakhiwo Zensimbi Yesakhiwo

The Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi yisakhiwo lapho insimbi yokwakha yakha isakhiwo esithwala umthwalo. Isakhiwo esithwala imithwalo sivame ukuhlanganisa imishayo, amakholomu, ama-trusses, nezinye izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi yesigaba kanye namapuleti ensimbi. Yakha isakhiwo esihlangene kanye nesakhiwo semvilophu njengophahla, phansi, nodonga.

Insimbi yokwakha ivamise ukusho insimbi ye-engeli egoqiwe eshisayo, insimbi yesiteshi, i-I-beam, i-H-beam, nepayipi lensimbi. Isakhiwo esinezingxenye ezakha isakhiwo esithwala umthwalo sibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo sensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba ezinezindonga ezincane ezifana nokwakheka kuka-L, okumise u-U, okumise okwe-Z, nokumise okweshubhu, ezigoqekayo futhi zakhiwe ngamashidi ensimbi amancane, asongwe noma aqaqa, kanye nezingxenye ezithwala umthwalo. ezakhiwe yizo, nezinto ezincane zensimbi njengensimbi ye-engeli nensimbi yensimbi, njll. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo, ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi elula. Kukhona nezakhiwo ezilengayo ezisebenzisa izintambo zensimbi, nazo eziyizakhiwo zensimbi.

Amandla kanye ne-elastic modulus yensimbi iphakeme, impahla ifana, futhi isakhiwo sensimbi sinepulasitiki enhle nokuqina, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukufakwa okulula, izinga eliphezulu lokuthuthuka kwezimboni, nokwakhiwa okusheshayo, kodwa asikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nomlilo. futhi idinga ukunakekelwa njalo.

Izinhlobo Zezakhiwo Zensimbi

Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi siyisakhiwo esenziwe ikakhulukazi ngensimbi. Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu ensimbi, ama-trusses ensimbi, nezinye izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi yesigaba kanye namapuleti ensimbi. Izingxenye noma izingxenye ngokuvamile zixhunywe ngama-welds, ama-bolts, noma ama-rivets. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi singenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zokwakha. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okulula nokulula, isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-workshops amakhulu, izindawo, izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu, nakweminye imikhakha.

The isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngokusho kwesakhiwo, futhi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezivamile zesakhiwo sensimbi, njengesakhiwo sensimbi egqinsiwe, isakhiwo sensimbi yombhoshongo, kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi yezitebhisi:

  • Isakhiwo sensimbi ye-Villa: Imishayo yesakhiwo eyinhloko, amakholomu nezisekelo zamashalofu zesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi zakhiwe ngezakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngokubanda ezinodonga oluncane noma imishayo eyinhlanganisela. Izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi zinesisindo esilula, kulula ukuzithwala, ukuzifaka, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlakazwa, nokunwetshwa.​
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi sezitezi: Uhlelo lokusekela lwezitebhisi zesakhiwo sensimbi ukuthi imishayo yensimbi ethambekele ezitebhisini iyizingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo, izingxenye zezitebhisi ikakhulukazi ziyizitebhisi zamapuleti ensimbi, futhi izinsimbi ngokuvamile zisesimweni semigqa ethambekele ehambisana nemishayo ethambekele. izitebhisi. Izici zayo ziwuphawu lonyawo oluncane, ukwakhiwa okulula, ukuma okungahleliwe, nokwenza okuqinile
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi yombhoshongo: Umbhoshongo uyisakhiwo sensimbi esiphezulu, into eyinhloko yesakhiwo ipayipi yensimbi, umbhoshongo usetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi ungasetshenziselwa ukusekelwa kwefektri kashimula, ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu, umbhoshongo wamanzi, ubunjiniyela bokuqapha, ubunjiniyela bezokuxhumana, nokunye okukhethekile. izinjongo.
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi yezinga: Ngokuthulula imishayo evundlile kakhonkolo eqinisiwe esanda kuqiniswa kungqimba lwesakhiwo sensimbi yesakhiwo sokuqala (ingxenye yongqimba olungenamanzi nohlaka lwepharaphethi kudingeka lususwe), uhlaka lwesendlalelo sensimbi luxhunywe esakhiweni sokuqala, bese kuhlelwa ama-purlin ensimbi noma amapulangwe okhuni. kuyo, bese kuba amathayela aphansi noma amapuleti ensimbi Anemibala, namafasitela e-dormer abekwe phezulu komthambeka osanda kwakhiwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukungena komoya kanye nokuhlobisa.
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi esendlalekile: Insimbi enephrofayili isetshenziswa njengensimbi ethwala imithwalo eyinhloko ukuxhuma udonga oluyinhloko noma amaphuzu okusekela kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-beam. Ipuleti lensimbi elinephrofayili kufanele libekwe esakhiweni esiyinhloko, bese kubekwe ibha yensimbi ukuze kuxhunyanwe nendawo ezungezile yesakhiwo sokuqala, futhi ekugcineni kuthelwe ukhonkolo.​
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi sokungena nokuphuma kwenxanxathela yezitolo: okuhambisanayo kanye nohlelo oluphusile lwesakhiwo lwamukelwa ukuze kuzuzwe ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukwakheka kwenoveli, kanye nobunye obuphelele bezakhiwo nesakhiwo. Ingaphezulu lensimbi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufaka i-hot-dip galvanizing kanye ne-fluorocarbon, ebonakala ngokuqina, ukugqama, nobuhle.
  • Isakhiwo sensimbi sokungena kwegaraji nokuphuma: Lezi zinhlobo zezakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngefekthri, ukufakwa kwendawo, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza omfushane, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, ukubukeka okuhle, kanye nokuma okungahleliwe.​

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Isakhiwo Sensimbi Izakhiwo Izinzuzo kanye Nokubi

Njengoba izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe, abantu bakhokha ukunakwa okwengeziwe ezakhiweni zefektri zensimbi, kanye nezakhiwo zefektri zensimbi zinezinzuzo eziningi, ezinjengokuthi:

  • Ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba: Uphahla lwezakhiwo zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile luyizinsimbi ezitshekile, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sophahla ngokuyisisekelo samukela uhlelo lwe-truss yophahla lwe-triangular eyenziwe ngezingxenye zensimbi ezibandayo. "Uhlelo lwesakhiwo se-slab-rib" lunamandla amakhulu okumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemithwalo evundlile, futhi ifanele izindawo ezinomfutho wokuzamazama komhlaba ongaphezu kuka-8 degrees.
  • Ukumelana nomoya: Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zinesisindo esincane, amandla aphezulu; babe nokuqina okuhle okuphelele, kanye nekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuguqulwa. Isisindo sesakhiwo siyingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu kuphela yesakhiwo sezitini-ukhonkolo, futhi singakwazi ukumelana nesiphepho esingamamitha angu-70 ngomzuzwana, ukuze ukuphila nempahla kuvikelwe ngokuphumelelayo.
  • ukuqina: Isakhiwo sensimbi esilula sonke sakhiwe izingxenye zensimbi ezacile ezakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo, futhi ifreyimu yensimbi yenziwe ngeshidi eliqinile eliqinile eliqinile elinamandla eliqinile elinamandla, eligwema ngempumelelo ithonya lokugqwala kwepuleti lensimbi ngesikhathi. ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa, futhi kwandisa impilo yesevisi yezingxenye zensimbi elula. Impilo yesakhiwo ingaba yiminyaka eyi-100.
  • Ukunakekelwa kwemvelo: Ukwakhiwa okomile kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa udoti. I-100% yezinto zokwakha zensimbi zendlu zingabuyekezwa kabusha, futhi iningi lezinye izinto ezisekelayo zingabuye zisetshenziswe kabusha, okuhambisana nokuqwashisa kwemvelo kwamanje. Zonke zisebenzisa izindonga ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezonga amandla, ezinokuvaleka okuhle kokushisa, ukwahlukanisa ukushisa, nemiphumela yokuvala umsindo, futhi zingafinyelela ku-50% wezinga lokonga amandla. Izinto zokwakha zingaphinda zigaywe kabusha ngo-100%, zibe luhlaza ngempela, futhi zingabi nakungcola.

Isakhiwo Sesakhiwo Sensimbi Idizayini

Uzimele wensimbi we-single-slope double-slope wensimbi

Amakholomu esigaba esiguquguqukayo kanye nemishayo yophahla, imiklamo yokonga kakhulu. Umthambeka ophahleni mncane, ogcina izindleko zokushisisa nokufaka indawo engasetshenzisiwe. Isikhathi esivamile singamamitha angu-15-36, esifanele izidingo zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezakhiwo.

Uhlaka lwensimbi olunwebeka kabili oluphindwe kabili

Amakholomu angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukuvumela isakhiwo ukuba sifinyelele izikhala ezinkulu zophahla, ngokuvamile amamitha angu-36-72 anomnotho kakhulu.

Uhlaka lwensimbi olunwebekayo oluphindwe kabili

Ukuklanywa kwekholomu yangaphakathi kwenza ingxenye yengxenye ibe ukonga kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokujula okukhulu. Kuyisakhiwo esingokomnotho senxanxathela yezitolo nezakhiwo zamahhovisi okuhweba.

Uhlaka lwensimbi lwe-multi-span multi-slope

I-multi-span kanye ne-multi-slope design ifaneleka izidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo futhi isebenzisa ngokugcwele indawo ephansi.

Uhlaka lwensimbi lwe-span ephezulu nephansi

Amakholomu angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukuvumela isakhiwo ukuba sifinyelele izikhala ezinkulu zophahla, ngokuvamile amamitha angu-36-72 anomnotho kakhulu.

Uhlaka lwensimbi olune-slope oluphindwe kabili lwe-span eyodwa

Ikholomu yesigaba esilinganayo, idizayini ehlanganyelwe enomkhawulo ongezansi ongashintshi, ingathwala isikhathi sokugoba esikhudlwana, esilungele izakhiwo ezinomthwalo we-crane

I-single-span single-slope steel frame

I-slope encane yophahla lwamapulangwe kanye nendawo yokudonsa uphahla oluhlangene olulodwa ifanele izidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo ezifana nezindawo zokuthenga, izitolo ezilula, neziteshi zomlilo.

Uhlaka lwensimbi oluhlanganisiwe

Umklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi i-mezzanine ifanele izidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo, futhi kulula ukuhlukanisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Uhlaka lwezendlalelo eziningi

Isistimu yohlaka lwesakhiwo sensimbi inesisindo esincane kunesistimu kakhonkolo eqinisiwe futhi ifanele izakhiwo zokwakha ezinezitezi eziningi njengamashabhu, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, nezitolo ezinkulu.

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