Izimiso Zokuklama Zokuzinza Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

abstract: Njengefomu lokwakha eliyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, isakhiwo sensimbi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwe ama-workshops amakhulu, amabhuloho nezakhiwo eziphakeme. Insimbi yokwakha esetshenziswa esakhiweni sensimbi inezinzuzo eziningi ezifana ne-anti-deformation, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.

Lapho izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi wokwakha, ukuzinza kwazo kwesakhiwo, njengenkomba ebalulekile, kunquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi nokuphila kwenkonzo yezakhiwo. Ngokusekelwe ku K-homeIminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kokuklama kwezakhiwo, leli phepha lixoxa ngokuzinza kwezakhiwo zensimbi kubunjiniyela bokwakha futhi linikeza izinkomba zezindaba ezihambisanayo.

Isibikezelo

Ekuthuthukisweni okude kobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bokwakha, isakhiwo sensimbi sithatha isikhundla esibalulekile. Njengamanje, njengesakhiwo esijwayelekile sezakhiwo, isetshenziswa kabanzi emiklameni ehlukahlukene yezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi amafemu, amabhuloho, izikhumulo zezindiza, amatiyetha, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu. nezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu.

Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokuncibilikisa insimbi obungathuthukisiwe kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni yensimbi yokwakha, ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza izakhiwo zensimbi zingaziswa emkhakheni wokuklama kwezakhiwo, futhi zake zabandlululwa futhi zacishe zaqedwa.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwensimbi, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, insimbi yokwakha engagqwali iye yakhiqizwa kabanzi, futhi izakhiwo zensimbi ziye zathandwa ngabadwebi bezakhiwo futhi, futhi ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, kube neqhaza elihle ekunciphiseni isisindo esiphelele sesakhiwo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha okuphelele kwesakhiwo.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi sekuye kwanda kakhulu, futhi izimo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa eziyinkimbinkimbi ziye zabeka phambili ukuhlolwa okunzima kokuzinza kwayo.

Umqondo Wesakhiwo Sensimbi

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, isakhiwo sensimbi siwuhlobo lwesakhiwo sokwakha esisebenzisa insimbi njengento eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Ngezingxenye ezahlukene zensimbi ezifana nemishayo yensimbi, amapuleti ensimbi, namakholomu ensimbi, ukushisela, i-riveting nezinye izindlela zokuxhuma zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinkulu. Izakhiwo zensimbi zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi njengento eyinhloko.

Ngokungafani nokhonkolo ojwayelekile nezinye izinto zokwakha, insimbi inezici zesisindo esilula, ukuqina okuqinile, njll., futhi ingamelana namandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi uvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu neziphakathi. Isakhiwo sensimbi sinesakhiwo esizinzile futhi asigogeki kalula, esinganikeza ukuphepha okuhle nokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo sensimbi kungase kwenzeke.

Kunezimo ezimbili ezivamile: eyodwa ukuthi ukucindezela ngokweqile kusebenza ngokuqondile endaweni yokulinganisa amandla, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okungalingani esakhiweni sisonke. Okunye ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwamalungu esakhiwo sensimbi, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sinezinkinga ezifana nokukhathala kwengqondo, futhi isakhiwo sangaphakathi silahlekelwa umsebenzi waso wokusekela, okubangela ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo sonke.

Ngaphambi kokuklama isakhiwo sensimbi, kuyadingeka ukucacisa izici zokuzinza zalesi sakhiwo, ukuze kube nenqubo yokuklama okuhlosiwe, ukugwema ubuthakathaka besakhiwo, unikeze ukudlala okugcwele izinzuzo zezakhiwo zensimbi, futhi wenze izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiweni zidlale kangcono. indima.

Izimiso Zokuthuthukisa Ukuzinza Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi

Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Kumkhuba wesikhathi eside wobunjiniyela kanye nocwaningo lwethiyori, onjiniyela nochwepheshe bafingqe imigomo emithathu yokuklama ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

1. Isimiso Sokuzinza

Isimiso sokuzinza komklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi sidinga ukuthi esigabeni sokudweba umdwebo wohlelo lomklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi, umdwebo wepulani wesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele udwetshwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezihambisanayo zezakhiwo ezahlukene, ugxile ekuqinisekiseni izingxenye zokusekela umdwebo womklamo wepulani wesakhiwo sensimbi nokuqinisekisa ukusekela Ukuzinza endizeni yesayithi.

Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi endizeni kuyisisekelo nesisekelo sokuzinza okuphelele kwesakhiwo sonke sensimbi. Kuphela ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi zihlala zizinzile endizeni singagwema ukungazinzi kwezikhundla zomuntu ngamunye ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezintathu ezilandelayo.

2. Isimiso Sobunye

Ukubala okunembile kuyisisekelo nesisekelo somklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi. Lapho udizayina amafreyimu esakhiwo sensimbi, indlela yokubala namanani epharamitha alindelekile kufanele anqunywe ngokuya ngobudlelwano obulingene phakathi kohlaka oluthile nohlaka.

Lesi sinyathelo siyisihluthulelo sokubala kwamandla awo wonke umklamo wesakhiwo sensimbi. isixhumanisi. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, abaklami abaningi bazothembela kakhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, futhi benze ngokuqondile ukubala kokuzinza kohlaka lwesakhiwo sensimbi ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo futhi bangazinaki izinyathelo zokubala ibhalansi.

Le ndlela yokusebenza ayinayo idatha yokubala yesayensi nephelele, futhi kulula ukubangela amaphutha ekubalweni kobudlelwano obuzinzile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuyahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla esakhiwo, okuholela ezingozini zokuphepha ezingaba khona.

Ngakho-ke, ukubala kokulingana nokubala ukuzinza kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kokubili kudingekile futhi kufanele kuhlanganiswe.

3. Umgomo Wokubambisana

Isakhiwo sonke sensimbi sakhiwe izingxenye eziningi zesakhiwo sensimbi eyodwa ngokusebenzisa i-welding, i-riveting, i-screw fixing nezinye izindlela zokuxhuma, futhi ekugcineni yakha isakhiwo esikhulu sokwakha. [3] Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokuklanywa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo kufanele kucatshangelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingxenye ezinkulu noma ezincane zidinga ukubambisana nomunye nomunye, futhi ekugcineni zingahlanganiswa ngokuphelele zibe isakhiwo sensimbi esiqinile sisonke. Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ukuzinza kwengxenye yesakhiwo sensimbi eyodwa akukwazi ukucatshangelwa kuphela, futhi izimo zazo zonke izingxenye kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukubala okuhlangene okuqondile kufanele kwenziwe. Kuphela uma ingxenye ngayinye ifaniswe ngokuphelele lapho sonke isakhiwo singazinza kakhulu, sikhulise indima yengxenye ngayinye, futhi siqinisekise amandla aphelele esakhiwo.

Amaphuzu Abalulekile Edizayini Yokuzinza Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

1. I-Force Design

Enye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zesakhiwo sensimbi yizinga layo lokucindezeleka. Lapho uklama, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo sensimbi ukucatshangelwa kokuqala.

Isakhiwo sensimbi ngokuvamile samukela ukwakheka okumise okwe-T noma okumise okwe-L, okubhekwa njengokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimo ezimbili kungahlakaza kahle isisindo sonke sesakhiwo futhi kufinyelele inhloso yokusekelwa okulinganayo.

Emsebenzini wobunjiniyela bokwakha, isakhiwo sensimbi siyisakhiwo esivamile emaphethelweni esakhiwo, esidlala indima ekusekeleni isakhiwo. Emklamo jikelele wesakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zensimbi kufanele kulandele isimiso sokulinganisa ngangokunokwenzeka.

Inhloso iwukuvumela isakhiwo sensimbi ngasinye ukuthi sithwale amandla esakhiwo sonke ngokulinganayo futhi sivimbele izakhiwo zensimbi ngazinye ekuthwaleni ukucindezela okukhulu noma okuncane kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokucindezeleka nokuzinza kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesakhiwo sensimbi nazo zihlukile. Isibonelo, imfuneko yokusekelwa okuhleliwe esakhiweni sensimbi ukuvimbela ukufuduka, ngakho-ke amandla asekelayo ale ngxenye ayadingeka ukuba abe phezulu, kodwa ngohlaka lwensimbi yensimbi, ngaphezu kokudlala indima yokusekela i-longitudinal, nayo iyadingeka. kudingekile ukucabangela ukukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeki endaweni evundlile.

Izici zokucindezeleka zezingxenye ezihlukene zesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele ziboniswe ekwakhiweni ukuze kugwenywe ukungazinzi ngenxa yokungacatshangelwa okwanele. Okokugcina, ukusebenza okuqondile kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Abasebenzi bokwakha esizeni kufanele balandele ngokuqinile imidwebo yokuklama, banciphise amaphutha okwakha, baqinise ukubambisana phakathi kweminyango, benze ukwakha ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile, futhi baqinise nokuphathwa kwemininingwane.

2. I-Anti-Corrosion Design

Izakhiwo zizoguguleka ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezehlukene uma zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngaphansi kwezindawo zokusetshenziswa okukhethekile ezinjengomswakama nesifutho sikasawoti, ngenxa yezimpawu zemvelo zensimbi, zigqwala kalula futhi zibe nomthelela ekuzinzeni kwazo.

Ngokuvamile, izinto zensimbi zingathinteka kokubili ukugqwala kwe-galvanic kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Isayensi yezinto zanamuhla iye yakha i-anti-corrosion coatings yezimo ezehlukene zemvelo ukuze kusetshenziswe imvelo yezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni.

Endaweni enomswakama, ukugcoba upende ovimbela ukugqwala ebusweni besakhiwo sensimbi kungahlukanisa amanzi nomoya, izici ezimbili ezinkulu ezibangela ukugqwala kwensimbi, futhi kuvimbele isakhiwo sensimbi ukuthi singagqwali. Ngezakhiwo zensimbi ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinosawoti omningi, kulula ukubangela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical nama-ion sodium emanzini olwandle.

Ngokusho kwesimiso sokusabela kwe-electrochemical, izinto zensimbi ziba omunye wemikhiqizo. Le ndlela ingaxazulula inkinga yezakhiwo zensimbi. Inkinga yokugqwala, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla esakhiwo sensimbi ngokwayo futhi kuzuzwe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.

3. Idizayini Ehlobene Nokuqina

Enkambweni yokuklama nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ngaphezu kokuqedela ukubala ukuzinza, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo sonke sensimbi. Ukuhlola okuqinile kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha zensimbi zifanelekile futhi zihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama. Indlela yokubala yengcindezi ebalulekile iyindlela evamile yokubikezela inani lokucindezela lezakhiwo zensimbi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwangempela futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola isakhiwo sensimbi.

Lapho umphumela wokulinganisa wokucindezeleka esakhiweni sensimbi udlula inani elibalulekile, ufakazela ukuthi ukuzinza kwawo kubhujisiwe, futhi umklamo wokucindezeleka wesakhiwo sensimbi udinga ukulungiswa ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukungazinzi.

Naka ukuhlaziywa kwamandla kwengxenye ngayinye ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sensimbi, nokwandisa imininingwane yamandla ezingxenyeni, gwema inkinga yamandla angalingani futhi kuthinte ukuphepha kwesakhiwo jikelele. Ukufingqa, ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi kunethonya elibalulekile ekuphepheni okuphelele nokuphila kwesevisi yesakhiwo.

Enqubweni yokuklama isakhiwo sensimbi, umklami kufanele enze izibalo ezinembile, acabangele ngokuphelele ubudlelwano bamandla phakathi kwezingxenye, futhi enze Ukwelashwa Okuhle kokuqeda ukugqwala kwensimbi, agweme ukushiyeka kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngezinga elikhulu, futhi anikeze ngokugcwele. dlalela izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ukhuthaze inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yomklamo wezakhiwo.