Isistimu Yokubhula Esakhiweni Sensimbi

Kuyini a Isistimu Yokuqinisa Esakhiweni Sensimbi?

Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukene njengoba izindawo zokugcina izimpahla futhi ama-workshops, ngoba zinikeza amandla amahle kakhulu esakhiwo, ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, nokumelana nomlilo.

Uhlelo lokuhlanganisa luyilungu lesakhiwo sesibili esakhiweni sensimbi, kodwa futhi luyingxenye ebalulekile.

Ezakhiweni zensimbi yohlaka lwephothali, isistimu yokuhlanganisa idlala indima ebalulekile. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ku:

• Ngezakhiwo ezinamapulani aphansi ayinkimbinkimbi, isistimu yokubopha iphinde iqondise ukulungiswa kokuqina kwesakhiwo, okwenza isakhiwo sifane futhi sigcizelelwe ngokunengqondo, futhi sithuthukise ubuqotho baso bonke.

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke kanye nezingxenye ngazinye.

• Ukudlulisa amandla avundlile kusisekelo kanye nemisebenzi yokufaka eyisizayo, njll.

Ikholomu Ukubracing System

I-Inter-column bracing iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zesakhiwo sensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo nokudlulisa imithwalo evundlile (njengemithwalo yomoya namandla e-seismic).

Ivamise ukubekwa phakathi kwamakholomu ensimbi ancikene. Umsebenzi wayo ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinhlangothi kanye nobuqotho buphelele besakhiwo, ukunciphisa ubude obaliwe bamakholomu, nokuvimbela ukungazinzi kwezinhlangothi noma ukuguqulwa kwamakholomu ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-inter-column bracing yilena:

• I-Lateral force resistance: Ukumelana nemithwalo evundlile (imithwalo yomoya, amandla e-seismic) kanye nokunciphisa ukugudluzwa kwe-lateral kwesakhiwo.
• Isiqinisekiso sokuzinza: Ikhawulela ukugudluzwa kwe-lateral kwamakholomu, ukunciphisa isilinganiso sobuncane bamakholomu, nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza okucindezelayo.
• Ukudluliswa komthwalo: Ukudlulisa imithwalo evundlile esisekelweni noma kwamanye amalungu amelene namandla ahlangene (njengezindonga zokugunda).
• Ukuzinza kwesiteji sokwakha: Ukunikeza ukuzinza kwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngokusekelwe ekumiseni kwawo, ukubracing phakathi kwekholomu kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-bracing transverse kanye ne-longitudinal bracing.

• I-Transverse bracing: I-Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis yesakhiwo, ukumelana namandla avundlile asemaceleni (afana nemithwalo yomoya).
• I-Longitudinal Bracing: Ihlelwa ngokuhambisana ne-axis yobude besakhiwo, imelana namandla avundlile amalongi.

Izisekelo ze-longitudinal zihlukaniswe zibe izisekelo zensimbi eziyindilinga, izisekelo zensimbi ye-angle.

Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, uhlobo olufanele lokuhlanganisa amakholomu kudingeka lukhethwe ngokusekelwe esakhiweni esithile sokwakha kanye nezidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhodi namazinga afanelekile kufanele alandelwe ngesikhathi sokuklama kanye nenqubo yokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuzinza kwamakholomu.

Kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-inter-colum bracing esakhiweni esifanayo, futhi akukhuthazwa ukuxuba izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlanganisa phakathi kwekholomu. Uma ngenxa yezidingo zokusebenza ezifana nokuvula iminyango, amafasitela noma ezinye izici, ukusekelwa kohlaka oluqinile noma ukwesekwa kwe-truss kungasetshenziswa. Lapho uhlelo lokusekela kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela, ukuqina kufanele kuhambisane ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ukuqina kungenakufinyelelwa, amandla avundlile e-longitudinal athwalwa ukusekelwa ngakunye kufanele ahlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwe-symmetry yesakhiwo.

I-Angle Brace

Izikaki ze-engeli zihlukile kumabhilidi wesakhiwo sensimbi esikhanyayo sewebhu eqinile. Umkaki we-engeli uhlelwa phakathi kwe-flange engezansi yohlaka oluqinile olugobekile kanye ne-purlin noma phakathi kwe-flange yangaphakathi yekholomu yohlaka oluqinile oluseceleni kanye nensimbi yodonga. Isekela ukuqina kwemishayo egobekile yohlaka oluqinile namakholomu aseceleni kohlaka oluqinile. Umkaki we-engeli uyilungu elingumsizi elingabi isistimu ngokuzimela.

Umsebenzi wohlaka oluqinile lwe-angle ye-angle ye-beam brace ukuvimbela ukungazinzi kwe-lateral kwe-beam etshekile lapho iphiko eliphansi licindezelwa.

I-engeli yensimbi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ekhoneni, futhi i-engeli ephakathi kwe-engeli yokuhlanganisa kanye ne-purlin noma i-wall beam akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-35°, futhi i-engeli encane yensimbi L40*4 ingasetshenziswa. Izikaki zasemakhoneni ziboshelwa emishayweni noma kumakholomu aseceleni kanye nama-purlin noma imishayo yodonga.

Ngokuvamile, i-angle brace kufanele ifakwe endaweni egcwele yohlaka oluqinile lwe-beam ethambekele, ikakhulukazi kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-flange ye-beam icindezeleke ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo womoya, ingafakwa kuphela endaweni lapho okuphansi khona i-flange ye-beam icindezelwa eduze nokusekelwa.

Izimiso Zokusetha Isistimu Yokubhula

• Ngokusobala, ngokunengqondo futhi kalula ukudlulisa umthwalo we-longitudinal, futhi unciphise indlela yokudlulisa amandla ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwangaphandle kwendiza yesistimu yesakhiwo, futhi unikeze amaphuzu asekelayo aseceleni ukuze kube nokuzinza okuphelele kwesakhiwo nezingxenye;
• Kulula ukufaka isakhiwo;
• Hlangana nezidingo ezidingekayo zamandla nokuqina futhi ube nokuxhumana okuthembekile.