Iyini i-Arc Welding? I-Structural Steel Welding Technology

Kunezindlela eziningi zokushisela ekucubunguleni insimbi, kodwa i-arc i-welding isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi imishini yokushisela i-arc ilula, kulula ukusebenza ngabasebenzi, futhi ikhwalithi ye-weld inokwethenjelwa, kunezinzuzo eziningi.

I-arc welding ingahlukaniswa ibe i-arc welding ye-manual, ukushisela kwe-arc okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo futhi ukushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi ngokwezinga lokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela insimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokushisela.

Khona-ke okulandelayo yizindlela zokushisela zalezi zakhiwo zensimbi.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo: I-Welded Splice Joint Esakhiweni Sensimbi

3 Izinhlobo ze I-Arc Welding

1. I-Manual Arc Welding  

Indlela yokuthembela ekushiseni kwe-arc ibizwa ngokuthi i-arc welding. I-manual arc welding iwuhlobo lwe-arc welding enenduku ye-welding manual, evame ukusetshenziswa ekushiseleni izakhiwo zensimbi.  

I-weldment kanye ne-electrode ama-electrode amabili akhiqiza i-arc, i-arc ikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, i-weldment kanye ne-electrode encibilikisiwe, isiphetho se-electrode siyancibilika ukuze senze i-droplet, ukushintshela ekuhlanganisweni kwesisekelo sensimbi ye-weldment encibilikisiwe. , ukwakheka kwechibi kanye nochungechunge lokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba-metallurgical. Njengoba i-arc ihamba, i-pool encibilikisiwe enguketshezi iyaphola kancane kancane futhi icwebezele yenze ukushisela.

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa okuphezulu, okubandayo ku-electrode enamathela ensimbi eqinisiwe ye-slag encibilikisiwe, emboza ubuso bechibi elincibilikisiwe lensimbi, ayikwazi ukuvikela kuphela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lechibi elincibilikisiwe lensimbi kanye nokusabela okulimazayo komoya-mpilo kanye i-nitrogen emoyeni, futhi ingabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali echibini elincibilikisiwe kanye ne-alloy ephumayo, njll., ekupholiseni nasekuqinisweni kwendawo yensimbi, yakha igobolondo le-slag elivikelayo.

2. Ukushisela kwe-arc okuzenzakalelayo noma okuzenzakalelayo  

Ukushisela kwe-arc okuzenzakalelayo okungaphansi kwamanzi kuphakeme kune-welding ye-manual ngenxa yokugxila kokushisa kwe-arc, ngakho inokujula okukhulu kokungena, ikhwalithi ye-weld efanayo, amaphutha ambalwa angaphakathi, ipulasitiki enhle kanye nokuqina komthelela. Ikhwalithi ye-semi-automatic submerged arc welding iphakathi kwe-automatic submerged arc welding kanye ne-manual welding.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automatic noma i-semi-automatic arc welding inesivinini esikhulu sokushisela, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi nezimo ezinhle zokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, isicelo sabo sibuye sinqunyelwe izimo zayo, ngoba i-welder kufanele ihambe eduze kwesitimela somhlahlandlela we-weld, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nezimo ezithile zokusebenza.

3. Ukushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fusion gas arc welding, i-CO2 noma i-inert gas isetshenziselwa ukwakha isendlalelo sendawo sokuvikela eduze kwe-arc ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwamagesi ayingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenqubo yokushisela.

I-welding yonke indawo, ikhwalithi enhle, isivinini sokuncibilika okusheshayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukonga amandla, asikho isidingo sokususa i-welding slag ngemva kokushisela, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kufanele kukhokhwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kugwenywe umoya lapho ushisela.

Izinto zokushisela

Izinto zokushisela zihlanganisa ama-electrode, ucingo, impushana yensimbi, i-flux, igesi, njll.

induku yokushisela

Umucu wensimbi ogcwalisa ilunga le-welder ngesikhathi sokushisela igesi noma ngogesi. I-electrode ngokuvamile yenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njenge-workpiece. I-electrode iyi-electrode encibilikayo ye-electrode arc welding ene-coating, eyakhiwe nge-coating kanye ne-welding core.  

intambo eshisayo

Intambo iyinsimbi yokushisela esetshenziswa njengensimbi yokugcwalisa noma njenge-conductor kagesi. Ku-welding yegesi kanye ne-tungsten ye-arc evikelwe ngegesi, ucingo lokushisela lusetshenziswa njengensimbi yokugcwalisa; Ku-welding ye-arc engaphansi, i-esG welding kanye nenye i-arc evikelwe nge-GAS, intambo yokushisela iyinsimbi yokugcwalisa kanye ne-electrode eqhubayo. Ingaphezulu lentambo yokushisela ayigcotshwanga nge-anti-oxidation flux.  

Metal powder

Impushana yensimbi ibhekisela eqenjini lezinhlayiya zensimbi usayizi walo ongaphansi kuka-1mm. Impushana yensimbi eyodwa, i-alloy powder kanye ne-refractory compound powder enezakhiwo zensimbi yiyona nto eyinhloko ye-powder metallurgy.  

ageleze

I-Flux, ebizwa nangokuthi i-brazing agent, inencazelo ebanzi, okuhlanganisa usawoti oncibilikisiwe, izinto eziphilayo, igesi esebenzayo, isitimu sensimbi, njll., okungukuthi, ngaphezu kwesisekelo sensimbi ne-solder, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwesithathu lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. ukunciphisa ukungezwani esibonakalayo phakathi kwesisekelo metal kanye solder.  

Gas

Igesi ingesinye sezimo ezine eziyisisekelo zento (ezinye ezintathu ziqinile, ziwuketshezi kanye ne-plasma). Amagesi angakhiwa i-athomu eyodwa (isb., amagesi ahloniphekile), ama-athomu e-elementi ye-elementi eyodwa (isb, umoya-mpilo), ama-molecule ayinhlanganisela yezakhi eziningi (isib., i-carbon dioxide), njalonjalo.

Isimo Nezidingo

Abashiselayo bazofaneleka ngokuqeqeshwa futhi bathole izitifiketi zemfundo ngaphambi kokuba benze umsebenzi wokushisela.

Ukuze uthole ukushisela okubalulekile kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo, kokubili iziphetho zokushisela noma ukuhlangana kwama-welds kufanele kugxivizwe ngekhodi yokushisela.

Ngaphambi kokushisela, izingxenye zokushisela kufanele zihlanzwe ngokungcola eduze kwendawo yokushisela, njengesikali se-oxide, uwoyela, upende we-anticorrosive, njll.

Lapho ushisela ngaphansi kuka-zero degrees Celsius, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-weld ingancipha ngokukhululekile ngesikhathi sokushisela;
• ungasebenzisi isando esindayo ukushaya izingxenye zesakhiwo ezishiselwe;
• Ngaphambi kokushisela, susa lonke iqhwa neqhwa ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo ezishiselwe;
• Ngaphambi kwe-welding, preheat ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko, izinga lokushisa elithile linqunywa ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwenqubo.

Ngaphambi Welding kufanele preheated ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko, kumele uphawu Welding motherboard (web), ubambo plate, ukwahlukanisa ekupheleni (ukujiya isiqondiso) kanye isixhumi obala ekupheleni igebe;

Izingxenye ezifihliwe zesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele ziboshwe, ziboshwe futhi zivalwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa okudlulayo.

Ukushisela izinqe ezinhlangothini ezimbili kufanele kukhethe impande yokushisela, i-pick welding root ingasebenzisa ifosholo lomoya, i-carbon arc gouging, i-gouging kanye nezindlela zokucubungula ngomshini.

I-Multi-layer welding kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ungqimba ngalunye lwe-weld pass luzohlanzwa futhi luhlolwe ngesikhathi ngemva kokushisela, futhi amaphutha azosuswa ngaphambi kokushisela.

Enqubweni yokushisela, sebenzisa indawo ye-welding flat ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngesikhathi sokushisela, akufanele isebenzise i-electrode ene-peeling noma i-rusty welding core kanye ne-flux ene-agglomeration emanzi kanye negobolondo le-slag elincibilikisiwe; I-welding wire kanye ne-welding nail kufanele ihlanzwe ngamafutha kanye nokugqwala ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Iyunithi yokwakha yokusetshenziswa kokuqala kwensimbi, izinto zokushisela, izindlela zokushisela, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela, njll., izoqhuba ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela, ibhale umbiko wokuhlola inqubo, futhi inqume inqubo yokushisela ngokusho kombiko wokuhlola.

Isikhathi sokushisela se-welder esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6, kufanele sihlolwe kabusha.

Ukushisela, abashiseli kufanele bahambisane nenqubo yokushisela, hhayi ukushisela kwamahhala kanye ne-arc kusisekelo sensimbi ngaphandle kwe-weld bead.

Inhlanganisela yezinqe, ijoyinti elimise okuka-t, ilunga lekhona, inhlanganisela yezinqe ezihlangene kanye ne-butt kanye nenhlanganisela yenhlanganisela ye-weld ekhoneni, kufanele ibekwe kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-arc yokushisela kanye nepuleti lomthofu, i-material ne-groove ifomu kufanele ifane ne-weldment.

Ubude be-arc initiation kanye nelead weld: ukushisela okungaphansi kwamanzi kufanele kube kukhulu kuno-50mm, ukushisela kwe-arc okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi kufanele kube kukhulu kuno-20mm. Ngemuva kokushisela, ukusika igesi kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukusika i-arc kanye nepuleti lomthofu, futhi lipholishwe kahle, akufanele lidutshulwe phansi ngesando.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-Weld, ama-welders ngeke aphathe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, kufanele athole imbangela, abeke inqubo yokulungisa ingacutshungulwa. Inombolo yokulungiswa kwengxenye efanayo ye-weld akufanele idlule izikhathi ezimbili. Uma kwenziwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili, inqubo yokulungisa kufanele yenziwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo yokulungisa.  

Ngemuva kokushisela, i-welder kufanele ihlanze i-slag ebusweni be-weld kanye ne-spatter ezinhlangothini zombili, futhi ihlole izinga lokubukeka kwe-weld. Ngemva kokudlulisa ukuhlolwa, uphawu lwensimbi lwe-welder luzokwenziwa engxenyeni ye-welding seam echazwe kunqubo.

Insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni kufanele zipholiswe ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile endaweni yokushisela, futhi insimbi yesakhiwo esinengxubevange ephansi kufanele ishiselwe amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokushisela.