Ngamagama alula, Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi kubhekisela ekuthatheni izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe ngaphambili—njengamakholomu ensimbi, imishayo yensimbi, nezinsimbi zensimbi—ezikhiqizwa kusengaphambili yifekthri, bese ihlanganiswa, ihlanganise, futhi ivikeleke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esizeni sokwakha ngokuvumelana nezidingo zemidwebo yedizayini yezakhiwo, futhi ekugcineni yakha uhlaka oluthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo.
Inokuxhumana okusondele kakhulu "ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi"; eyokuqala iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sakamuva. Okwamanje, "insimbi yesakhiwo sohlaka" kuthenjelwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokufaka uhlaka lwensimbi, futhi umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nokuzinza kohlaka lwensimbi yesakhiwo kuhlobene nayo ngokuqondile.
Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi: Ungakuqedela Kanjani Ukulungiselela Kwesisekelo Sokuqala?
Ukulungiswa kokuqala kuyisisekelo sokuqhubeka kahle kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi yensimbi. Ukunganaki imininingwane yokuqala yokulungiselela kungaholela kalula ekusebenzeni kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuthinte ukusebenza kahle okuphelele. Ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela amaphuzu abalulekile wokulungiselela kokuqala kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kusiza ukugwema izingozi ezingase zibe khona.
Cacisa Amazinga Okusebenza Nezimfuneko Zokufaka Uzimele Wensimbi
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa kohlaka lwensimbi, izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe zidinga ukujwayelana nemidwebo yokwakha, zihlole ubukhulu, izakhiwo ezihlanganyelwe, nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kohlaka lwensimbi, futhi zicacise inhloso yokuklama. Uma kunesidingo, yenza umklamo onemininingwane, futhi imidwebo enemininingwane kufanele ibuyekezwe futhi ivunyelwe yiyunithi yokuqala yokuklama. Yenza uhlelo lokwakha olukhethekile, olucacisa izindlela zokusebenza, amazinga ekhwalithi, nokwabiwa kwezinsiza zenqubo ngayinye. Ngemva kokugunyazwa, yenza ukudalulwa kobuchwepheshe kubasebenzi bezokwakha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nquma ukulinganisa kanye nohlelo lokumisa, futhi ucacise ukuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi yokulawula kanye nokunemba kokuma kwezingxenye.
Hlela Isikhala Sokusebenza Ukuze Uthuthukise Ukusebenza Esizeni Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi Yesakhiwo
Okokuqala, linganisa futhi uhlanze isiza, usihlukanise sibe izingxenye zesitoreji, ukuhlanganisa, ukuphakamisa, nezindawo zamahhovisi—ngasinye sinomsebenzi ocacile ukuze ugweme isiphithiphithi. Qinisa imizila yezimoto ezisindayo kanye nezindawo zokunqwabelanisa njengoba kudingeka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isisekelo sisekela izinto zokusebenza nezingxenye, ukuvimbela ukuhlala.
Ngokulandelayo, misa amahhovisi esikhashana nezindawo zokugcina impahla ezinamanzi, ugesi, nezinto zokuphepha emlilweni. Vuselela imigwaqo yokungena kanye nezindawo zokuphakamisa ukuze uvumele izinto zokuhamba ezibushelelezi kanye nokupaka okuzinzile kwezimoto nezinto zokusebenza.
Okokugcina, usebenzisa izindawo zokubhekisela ezinikezwe umnikazi, sungula indiza endaweni kanye namanethiwekhi okulawula ukuphakama anamaphuzu aqinile okulinganisa—ukubeka isisekelo esinembile sokufakwa kwesakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi okwalandela.
Lungiselela Izinto Ezanele Nezisebenzi Zokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sozimele Wensimbi Ebushelelezi
Nini izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi bafike esizeni, bahlole imininingwane yabo, amamodeli, kanye nenani, baqinisekise izitifiketi zemfundo kanye nezitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi bahlole ukubukeka kwabo okungahleliwe. Izingxenye ezine-deformation noma ukugqwala zizobuyiselwa ngokuqondile. Izinto zokuxhuma (amabhawodi aqine kakhulu, izinduku zokushisela) kufanele zihlangabezane nemininingwane yedizayini, enezitifiketi ezivumelekile nemibiko yokuhlola kabusha. Amabhawudi okuhlola amandla aphezulu e-batch we-coefficient ye-torque. Khetha ama-cranes amaloli/ama-crawler kanye ne-rigging ngokusekelwe esisindweni sengxenye nobude; lungisa amathuluzi afana nama-theodolite nama-torque wrenches, uqinisekise ukuthi amathuluzi okulinganisa aqinisekisiwe futhi avumelekile. Hlanganisa iqembu lochwepheshe elinezindima ezicacile. Qinisekisa ukuthi ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe (isb., abaqhubi be-crane, abashiseli) baqedela ukuphepha nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe bohlaka lwensimbi.
Qedela Ukuqaliswa Kwenqubo Yokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi
Isinyathelo 1 Sokumiswa Kohlaka Lwensimbi: Beka Eqhulwini Isakhiwo Sesisekelo Sensimbi Prep
Isisekelo siyisisekelo sokumiswa kohlaka lwensimbi. Okokuqala, thola uhlobo lwesisekelo ngokwenjongo yesakhiwo (njengefekthri, isakhiwo sehhovisi) — isibonelo, khetha isisekelo senqwaba yezidingo zefekthri ezithwala umthwalo kanye nezisekelo ezizimele zokuqina kwesakhiwo sehhovisi, uqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana nezidingo zengcindezi yohlaka. Imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekile kufanele yenziwe kahle:
Okokuqala, ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa kwesisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ayo okuthwala ayahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokuklama ukugwema izinkinga zokuxazulula ngemva kokufakwa kohlaka olulandelayo; Okwesibili, linganisa ukuphakama kwendawo yesisekelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphutha lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lokucaciswa; Okwesithathu, hlola ama-bolts ashumekiwe - njengezingxenye eziyinhloko ezixhuma amalungu ensimbi esisekelweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi isikhundla sabo, ukuphakama nobude obuveziwe buhlangabezana nezindinganiso. Ukuchezuka okweqile kwesikhundla kuzothinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kokufakwa kwamakholomu ensimbi.
Isinyathelo sesi-2 Sokufakwa Kohlaka Lwensimbi: Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwangaphambili Kwezingxenye Zensimbi Ezakhiwe
Isisekelo siyisisekelo sokumiswa kohlaka lwensimbi. Okokuqala, thola uhlobo lwesisekelo ngokwenjongo yesakhiwo (njengefekthri, isakhiwo sehhovisi) — isibonelo, khetha isisekelo senqwaba yezidingo zefekthri ezithwala umthwalo kanye nezisekelo ezizimele zokuqina kwesakhiwo sehhovisi, uqinisekise ukuthi ihambisana nezidingo zengcindezi yohlaka. Imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekile kufanele yenziwe kahle:
- Okokuqala, ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa kwesisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ayo okuthwala ayahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokuklama ukugwema izinkinga zokuxazulula ngemva kokufakwa kohlaka olulandelayo.
- Okwesibili, linganisa ukuphakama kwendawo yesisekelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iphutha lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lokucaciswa.
- Okwesithathu, hlola amabhawodi ashumekiwe - njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ezixhuma amalungu ensimbi esisekelweni, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukuma kwawo, ukuma kwawo, nobude obuveziwe kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso. Ukuchezuka okweqile kwesikhundla kuzothinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kokufakwa kwamakholomu ensimbi.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ingxenye Ebalulekile Yokufakwa Kozimele Wensimbi
Ukufakwa okuyisisekelo (ukuphakamisa nokuxhumana) kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile Ekufakweni Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nokulandelanisa:
Okokuqala, lungiselela ukuphakamisa i-hoisting: khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakamisa ezifanele (njengamaloli amaloli, ama-tower cranes) ngokwesisindo nobukhulu bezingxenye zensimbi. Lapho unquma amaphoyinti okuphakamisa, gwema izingxenye ezibuthakathaka zezingxenye ukuvimbela ukutsheka ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuguga kwamathuluzi okuphakamisa, njengezintambo zensimbi yensimbi namahhuku, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kokusebenza. Bese uphakamisa ukulandelana kokuthi "faka amakholomu ensimbi kuqala, bese kuba yimishayo yensimbi, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu": qala uphakamise amakholomu ensimbi endaweni ekhethiwe, uwaxhumanise namabhawodi esisekelo ashumekiwe futhi uwalungise okwesikhashana, bese uphakamisa imishayo yensimbi futhi uqondanise namanodi okuxhuma ikholomu yensimbi.
Ekugcineni, qedela ukulungiswa. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili ezivamile: amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu adinga ukuqiniswa ku-torque eshiwo ukuze agweme ukuxega; ngesikhathi sokushisela, i-current kanye ne-voltage kufanele ilawulwe kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphakama nobude be-weld kuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezifana nokungena okungaphelele nokuqhekeka.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukuqondisa Uhlaka Lwensimbi Lokulungisa Ukuchezuka Kozimele
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwe-hoisting, awukwazi ukufaka ngokuqondile inqubo elandelayo, futhi udinga ukulungisa ukuchezuka kohlaka kuqala. Phakathi nokusebenza okuthile, sebenzisa ileveli ukuze uthole izinga lemishayo yensimbi, futhi usebenzise isiteshi esiphelele ukuze ulinganise ukuma kwamakholomu ensimbi kanye nokuchezuka kukonke kwe-eksisi yohlaka.
- Uma ukuchezuka kokuma kwekholomu yensimbi kudlula izindinganiso, lungisa amantongomane amabhawodi esisekelo ashumekiwe noma wengeze amashidi ensimbi afanele ngezansi kwamakholomu ensimbi ukuze ulungiswe kahle.
- Uma izinga lensimbi yensimbi lingagculisi, lungisa ukujiya kwama-gaskets ezindaweni zokuxhuma phakathi kwemishayo yensimbi namakholomu.
Yenza ukulungisa ngezigaba futhi uphinde uhlole ngemva kokulungiswa ngakunye kuze kube yilapho zonke izinkomba zifinyelela izicaciso — isibonelo, ukuchezuka kokuma kukholomu ensimbi akumele kudlule u-1/1000 wobude bekholomu.
Isinyathelo sesi-5 Sokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi: Qedela Ukwamukela Ukufakwa
Ukwamukela kuyisixhumanisi sokugcina esibalulekile Sokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yedizayini namazinga embonini. Gxila ekuqinisekiseni:
Ukwemukelwa yisigaba sokugcina esibucayi sokufakwa kohlaka lwensimbi, olwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemidwebo yokuklama kanye nezinkambiso zemboni. Gxila ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobela izimbazo nokuphakama kwezingxenye zensimbi, ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe i-torque yokuqinisa ibhawodi iyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso, iqinisekisa ikhwalithi ehlanganisiwe eshiselwe ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo noma ukuhlola okungonakalisi (NDT), kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuma kohlaka nokuchezuka kwezinga kuhlala ngaphakathi kwamabanga avunyelwe.
Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi: Nciphisa Ngempumelelo Izingozi Zokuphepha
Amaphrothokholi Okuphepha Ezifaki Zozimele Wensimbi Ekufakweni Kwesakhiwo Sozimele Wensimbi
Ukuphepha kwezifaki zefreyimu yensimbi kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni kohlaka lwensimbi, okudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha zokufaka. Bonke abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izigqoko eziqinile lapho bengena endaweni yokwakha; lapho besebenza endaweni ephakeme, kufanele babophe amabhande okuphepha futhi bagqoke izicathulo ezingasheleli ukuze bavimbele ukuwa.
Ngemisebenzi yokuphakama okuphezulu, amathuluzi okujikijela noma izingxenye azivunyelwe-amathuluzi kufanele agcinwe ngokuphephile ezikhwameni zamathuluzi. Emisebenzini yokuphakamisa, izindawo zokuxwayisa kufanele zimakwe ngaphansi kwe-crane boom, abasebenzi abazinikele abaqondise ukugcina abantu bengekho ezindaweni eziyingozi. Ukwengeza, hlola njalo ukusebenza kwemishini ye-hoisting ne-welding. Uma kutholakala imisindo engajwayelekile noma amaphutha, yeka ukusebenzisa ngokushesha; imishini ingabuyela ekusebenzeni ngemva kokudlula ukulungiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kuzo zonke izigaba.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yentokozo Yokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sozimele Wensimbi
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo zezakhiwo zensimbi kugxile ezicini ezimbili ezibalulekile: Insimbi esetshenzisiwe kufanele ihlangabezane nebanga lamandla elishiwo ekwakhiweni futhi ize nesitifiketi sempahla esiphelele—insimbi egqwalile, eqhekekile, noma engabonakali akumele isetshenziswe. Izinto ezisizayo njengamabhawodi aqine kakhulu, izinsiza zokushisela, namagasket kufanele zifane ncamashi nemodeli yensimbi futhi zibe nezitifiketi zekhwalithi ezivumelekile. Isibonelo, amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu adinga imibiko yokuhlola i-torque coefficient ukuze avimbele ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwezingxenye zensimbi ngenxa yezisiza ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezici Zemvelo Ekwakhiweni Kohlaka Lwensimbi
Izimo zemvelo zingathinta inqubekelaphambili kanye nekhwalithi Yokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi, edinga izimpendulo ezisebenzayo:
- Uma izulu lina: Gwema ukushisela emoyeni ovulekile (imvula iphazamisa ikhwalithi yokushisela) ngokumisa izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana zemvula. Mboza izingxenye zensimbi ezifakiwe ngendwangu engangeni manzi ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala.
- Emoyeni omkhulu: Misa ukuphakama okuphezulu lapho isivinini somoya sidlula Izinga lesi-6—imimoya enamandla ibangela ukunyakaziswa kwezingxenye, okwenza ukuma kube nzima futhi kubangele izigameko zokuphepha.
- Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu: Gada ukuwohloka kokushisa kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokushisela, lungisa ukulandelana (isb., ukushisela ingxenye) njengoba kudingeka. Nikeza ngezinyathelo zokupholisa zezifaki ukuvimbela i-heatstroke.
Xhumana nathi >>
Unemibuzo noma udinga usizo? Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, kufanele wazi ukuthi cishe zonke izakhiwo zensimbi ze-prefab zenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Ithimba lethu lonjiniyela lizoyiklama ngokwesivinini somoya sasendaweni, umthamo wemvula, length*width*ubude, nezinye izinketho ezengeziwe. Noma, singalandela imidwebo yakho. Ngicela ungitshele imfuneko yakho, futhi sizokwenza okunye!
Sebenzisa ifomu ukuze ufinyelele futhi sizokuthinta ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Mayelana Nombhali: K-HOME
K-home Inkampani Steel Structure Co., Ltd ihlanganisa indawo 120,000 square metres. Sisebenza ekwakhiweni, isabelomali sephrojekthi, ukwenziwa, kanye ukufakwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ze-PEB kanye namaphaneli amasemishi aneziqu zenkontileka ezijwayelekile zebanga lesibili. Imikhiqizo yethu imboza izakhiwo zensimbi ezilula, Izakhiwo ze-PEB, izindlu ze-prefab ezibiza kancane, izindlu zezitsha, insimbi ye-C/Z, amamodeli ahlukahlukene epuleti lensimbi enombala, amaphaneli esemishi le-PU, amaphaneli esisemishi se-eps, amaphaneli amasemishi e-rock wool, amaphaneli egumbi elibandayo, amapuleti okuhlanza, nezinye izinto zokwakha.