Mapangidwe ndi Ubwino Wamasitepe Opanga Zitsulo

Masitepe opangidwa ndi zitsulo amatchuka chifukwa cha ma fulcrum ake ochepa, kunyamula kwawo kwakukulu, mawonekedwe ambiri, komanso luso lapamwamba. Komanso, sichimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zipilala monga mizati ndi pansi ndipo ndi yolimba komanso yolimba.

Chitsulo chachitsulo cha staircase welded chimawotchedwa molondola pambuyo pa kusokoneza, ndipo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo zimagwirizana ndi kumanzere ndi kumanja pambuyo poyika pedal. Zida zonse ndi zomangira ndizopingasa komanso zoyima. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zowotcherera masitepe, kuphatikiza machubu masikweya, machubu ozungulira, zitsulo zamakona, chitsulo chachitsulo, ndi mtengo wa I, komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Kodi ndi chiyani? Chitsulo Masitepe

Masitepe achitsulo ndi mankhwala a nthawi ya mafakitale ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale kale. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kutuluka kwa nyumba zambiri zamakono zamakono kumadziwika ndi makhalidwe ena okongola: zida zambiri zazitsulo zamafakitale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zigawo za zomangamanga zimawonekera.

Makhalidwewa amawonekera m'nyumba zambiri, ndipo masitepe achitsulo ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chingafotokoze makhalidwe ake. Masitepe akunja achitsulo a Center Pompidou ku Paris amaphatikizana bwino ndi mawonekedwe omanga ngati scaffolding.

Ubwino wa zitsulo kapangidwe masitepe

• Imakhala ndi malo ochepa.
• Kukongola kwa mawonekedwe. Masitepe achitsulo amapezeka m'makona ooneka ngati U, ma degree 90 kumanja, ooneka ngati S, ozungulira ma degree 360, ndi ma spirals a digirii 180, okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso mizere yokongola.
• Ndi zothandiza. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi matabwa chimagwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira zitsulo, ndipo pali mafupa osiyanasiyana achitsulo monga chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika ndi chitsulo chosanja.
• Mitundu ndi yowala. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira pamwamba pa masitepe achitsulo, omwe amatha kukhala kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi pulasitiki), kapena malata kapena utoto wokwanira, womwe ndi wokongola komanso wokhazikika. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba kapena kunja. Ikhoza kuwonetsa luso lamakono lamakono lachitsulo lamakono.

zitsulo Masitepe Design

Masitepe ndi ndime zomwe zimalola anthu kupita mmwamba ndi kutsika mipata iwiri bwino. Iyenera kukhala ndi kapangidwe koyenera. Malinga ndi muyezo, sitepe iliyonse ya masitepe iyenera kukhala 15 cm wamtali ndi 28 cm mulifupi; Wopangayo amafunikira kuti amvetsetse bwino ndikuwongolera kukula kwake, kuti apange mapangidwe a masitepe osavuta kuyenda komanso kutenga malo ochepa.

• Malinga ndi momwe zilili, kutalika kwa masitepe kuyenera kukhala osachepera 18 cm ndipo m'lifupi kuyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 22 cm.
• Malinga ndi luso lazomangamanga ndi kukongola, masitepe ndizomwe zimawonekera komanso zimawonetsa umunthu wa eni ake.
• Tikasankha nyumba, kukula kwa malo ndi kutalika kwa pansi kumakhazikitsidwa kale, ndipo n'zovuta kusintha.
• Kuti mukhale omasuka komanso otonthoza kukwera ndi kutsika masitepe, masitepe amafunikira malo otsetsereka. Malo otsetsereka a masitepewo ndi otsetsereka kwambiri ndipo ndizovuta kuyenda, zomwe zimadzetsa anthu kumverera "koopsa". Ngati n’kosavuta kukwera masitepewo, pafunika kukhala malo enaake kuti masitepewo atalike.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe achitsulo m'nyumbayi makamaka kumathetsa vuto la malo ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa nyumbayo. M'nyumba yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku Japan, masitepe achitsulo amapangidwa m'mphepete mwa msewu.
• Masitepe amadzazidwa ndi opanda kanthu gululi zitsulo mbale, ndi anaponda masitepe mbali imodzi ndi mafakitale kwambiri.
• Nyumbayi ikuwoneka yokhazikika kwambiri. kupanga ubale womveka bwino.
• Mu staircase zitsulo mkati mwa nyumba ku Ulaya, malo otsetsereka amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse, ndipo zigawo zozungulira zozungulira zimapangidwiranso ndi zinthu zomwezo.
• Mapangidwe a mizere ndi chiyanjano chofanana chakhala cholinga cha mkati mwa danga.

Kuchita masitepe opangira zitsulo:

Dziwani kukula kwa masitepe

• Dziwani kuchuluka kwa masitepe n pansanja iliyonse molingana ndi kutalika kwa pansi h ndi kutalika kosankhidwa koyambirira h, n=h/h.
• Kutalika kwa mayendedwe opingasa L a ndegeyi amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa masitepe N ndi m'lifupi mwake omwe adasankhidwa poyamba b, L=(0.5n-1)·b.
• Dziwani ngati mungakhazikitse olamulira a makwerero. Pazifukwa zachitetezo, masitepe a ana sayenera kupitilira 120mm.
• Dziwani m'lifupi mwa gawo la masitepe molingana ndi kukula kwa ukonde wa masitepe ndi m'lifupi C wa makwerero, a=(aC)/2.
• Malinga ndi m'lifupi D1 ≥ a) wa nsanja wapakatikati (D1), m'lifupi D2 wa nsanja pansi (D2> a), ndi yopingasa ziyerekezo kutalika L makwerero, fufuzani ukonde kutalika B wa kuya masitepe, D1 +L+D2=B. Ngati sichoncho, sinthani mtengo wa L (ie sinthani mtengo wa B).

Kusintha kwa mapangidwe.

Ngati mawonekedwe amkati apezeka kuti sakugwirizana ndi zojambula zojambula asanamangidwe, zosintha ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zilipo kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kuthekera kwa masitepe olimba a chimango.

Konzani zipangizo.

Mbiri zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zomangira zofunika kupanga masitepe azitsulo zachitsulo ziyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale. Ndipo sitingathe kukonzekera zipangizo zopangira zoyenera. Tiyenera kugula zinthu zina zapanthawi ndi apo kuti tisunge.

Yambani kumanga.

Malinga ndi zojambula za masitepe achitsulo cha attic steel frame, mfundo zofunika za fulcrum zimayikidwa pa malo, ndipo kukula kwa magawo ophatikizidwa kumatsimikiziridwa.

Choyamba thana ndi makoma osagwirizana ndi ma sundries.

Boolani ndi kuyeretsa mabowo omwe alembedwa. Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa, ma bolts a masitepe azitsulo amaikidwa, ndipo ma bolts amaikidwa m'mabowo okhala ndi mankhwala.

Kuyika.

Boolani mabowo pa mbale yachitsulo yophatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chatchanelo molingana ndi malo a bawuti, kenako yikani mbale yachitsulo. Chitsulo chachitsulo chikayikidwa, mankhwala ena odana ndi dzimbiri ayenera kuchitidwa, ndipo penti yoteteza dzimbiri ikhoza kutsukidwa.

Kenako chepetsani mbale yachitsulo ya masitepe achitsulo momwe angafunire kuti iwoneke yokongola komanso yokongola. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyo yatha, chotsani guluu ndi penti kuchokera pamwamba ndikuyeretsa ngati kuli kofunikira. Masitepe olimba otere adzaikidwa.

Kusamala pomanga m'nyumba zamasitepe omangika

Pofuna kupewa chinyengo pamene mukukwera ndi kutsika masitepe, kutalika kwa sitepe yoyamba ndi sitepe yotsiriza ya masitepe ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi masitepe ena.

Kutalika kwa masitepe apamwamba kwambiri mpaka padenga kuyenera kukhala ndi chilolezo choposa mamita awiri, ndipo osachepera si osachepera 1.8 mamita. Apo ayi, padzakhala kukakamizidwa.

Mtunda pakati pa njanji

Pakati pa malo a njanji ziwiri makamaka 8 masentimita, osapitirira 12.5 masentimita, kuti ateteze ana kuti asatulutse mitu yawo kunja kwa kusiyana.

Kutalika kwa armrest

malo m'chiuno ndi 85 ~ 90 cm, ndi awiri a armrest ayenera kukhala 5.5 cm.

Kutalika ndi kuya kwa masitepe

kutalika kwa masitepe kuyenera kukhala 15-18 cm, ndipo kuya kwa masitepe kuyenera kukhala 22-27 cm. Chiwerengero cha masitepe ndi pafupifupi 15 masitepe. Ngati ndipamwamba kwambiri, mungafunike kukhazikitsa nsanja yopumira masitepe.

Kukula kwa masitepe:

pamene mbali imodzi ilibe kanthu, ukonde m'lifupi si osachepera 75 cm; pamene pali makoma mbali zonse, ukonde m'lifupi si osachepera 90 cm.

Safety

Masitepe ayenera kukhala osalala ndi ozungulira, opanda mbali zotuluka ndi zakuthwa. Kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana ndi okalamba, kutsetsereka kwa masitepe kuyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo mbali yozungulira sikuyenera kukhala yaikulu; masitepe ayenera kutenga njira zotsutsana ndi skid, monga anti-skid strips, anti-skid pads, anti-skid grooves, etc.

Kuyatsa masitepe

Kuwala kwakuda kwambiri sikuthandiza kuti munthu ayende bwino, ndipo kuwala kowala kwambiri kumakonda kunyezimira. Choncho, kuwala pamasitepe kuyenera kukhala kofewa komanso komveka bwino.

Masitepe a staircase

Mapangidwe a masitepe ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi zokongoletsera.

Vuto laphokoso la masitepe

Zimagwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za pedal, ndipo siziyenera kutulutsa phokoso lambiri panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, kuti zisakhudze ena onse a m'banjamo.