Steel Structure Buildings

The Steel structure buildings is a building in which building steel constitutes a load-bearing structure. The load-bearing structure is usually composed of beams, columns, trusses, and other components made of section steel and steel plates. It forms an integral building together with the envelope structure such as roof, floor, and wall.

Construction steel usually refers to hot-rolled angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, H-beam, and steel pipe. A building whose components constitute a load-bearing structure is called a steel structure building. In addition, thin-walled sections such as L-shaped, U-shaped, Z-shaped, and tube-shaped, which are cold-rolled and formed from thin steel sheets, rolled or unrolled, as well as the load-bearing components formed by them, and small steel materials such as angle steel and steel bar, etc. Structural building, generally called light steel structure building. There are also suspension structure buildings using steel cables, which are also steel structure buildings.

The strength and elastic modulus of steel is high, the material is uniform, and the steel structure building has good plasticity and toughness, high precision, convenient installation, high degree of industrialization, and fast construction, but it has poor corrosion resistance and fire resistance and requires frequent maintenance.

Types of Steel Structure Buildings

The steel structure building is a structure mainly made of steel. It is mainly composed of steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses, and other components made of section steel and steel plates. The components or parts are usually connected by welds, bolts, or rivets. The steel structure building is one of the main types of building structures. Because of its lightweight and simple construction, it is widely used in large workshops, venues, super high-rises, and other fields.

The steel structure building types are divided according to the structural form, and can be divided into seven common steel structure types, such as layered steel structure, tower steel structure, and staircase steel structure:

  • Villa extension steel structure: The main structural beams, columns and shelf supports of the steel structure building are composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel structures or composite beams. The steel structure components are light in weight, easy to transport, install, assemble and disassemble, and expand.​​
  • Steel structure of stairs: The support system of the steel structure staircase is that the steel inclined beams of the stairs are the main structural components, the stair sections are mainly steel plate treads, and the railings are mostly in the form of inclined lines parallel to the inclined beams of the stairs. Its characteristics are a small footprint, convenient construction, random shape, and strong practicability.​​
  • Tower steel structure: The tower is a high-rise steel structure, the main structural material is steel pipe, the tower is widely used, and can be used for factory chimney support, large building support, water tower, monitoring engineering, communication engineering, and other special purposes.​​
  • Level steel structure: By newly pouring reinforced concrete horizontal beams on the original building steel structure layer (part of the waterproof insulation layer and parapet need to be removed), the steel layer frame is connected to the original structure, and the steel purlins or wooden purlins are arranged on it, and then the floor tiles or Color steel plates, and dormer windows are set on the top of the newly built slope to achieve ventilation and decoration.
  • Layered steel structure: The profiled steel is used as the main load-bearing beam to connect the main wall or the support points at both ends of the beam. The profiled steel plate should be laid on the main structure, and then the steel bar should be laid to connect with the surrounding of the original structure, and finally pour concrete.​​
  • The steel structure of shopping mall entrance and exit: corresponding and the reasonable structural system is adopted to achieve advanced technology, novel structure, and perfect unity of architecture and structure. The surface of the steel material adopts hot-dip galvanizing and fluorocarbon spraying technology, which is characterized by durability, brightness, and beauty.​​
  • Steel structure of garage entrance and exit: These kinds of steel structure buildings are factory manufacturing, site installation, high processing precision, short manufacturing cycle, high production efficiency, fast construction, neat appearance, and random shape.​​

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Steel Structure Buildings Advantages and Disadvantages

As steel structures are used more and more widely in the market, people are paying more and more attention to steel structure factory buildings, and steel structure factory buildings have many advantages, such as:

  • Earthquake resistance: The roofs of low-rise steel structure buildings are mostly sloping roofs, so the roof structure basically adopts a triangular roof truss system made of cold-formed steel components. The “slab-rib structure system” has a stronger ability to resist earthquakes and horizontal loads, and is suitable for areas with a seismic intensity of more than 8 degrees.
  • Wind resistance: Steel structure buildings have lightweight, high strength; have good overall rigidity, and strong anti-deformation ability. The weight of the building is only one-fifth of that of the brick-concrete structure, and it can resist a hurricane of 70 meters per second, so that life and property can be effectively protected.
  • Durability: The light steel structure is all composed of cold-formed thin-walled steel components, and the steel frame is made of super anti-corrosion high-strength cold-rolled galvanized sheet, which effectively avoids the influence of corrosion of the steel plate during construction and use, and increases the service life of the light steel components. The structural life can be up to 100 years.
  • Environmentally friendly: Dry construction is used to reduce environmental pollution caused by waste. 100% of the steel structure materials of the house can be recycled, and most of the other supporting materials can also be recycled, which is in line with the current environmental awareness. All use high-efficiency and energy-saving walls, which have good thermal insulation, heat insulation, and sound insulation effects, and can reach 50% of the energy-saving standard. Materials can be 100% recyclable, truly green, and have no pollution.

Steel Structure Building Design

Single-span double-slope portal steel frame

Variable section columns and roof beams, are the most economical design. The roof slope is small, which saves the heating and insulation cost of non-use space. The common span is 15-36 meters, which is suitable for the needs of various types of buildings.

Double-span double-slope steel frame

The interior columns are designed to allow the structure to achieve larger roof spans, usually 36-72 meters which are more economical.

Multi-span double-slope steel frame

The design of the inner column makes the section of the component more economical, and at the same time meets the requirements of large depth. It is an economical structural form for shopping malls and commercial office buildings.

Multi-span multi-slope steel frame

The multi-span and multi-slope design is suitable for the needs of various types of buildings and makes more full use of the floor space.

High and low span steel frame

The interior columns are designed to allow the structure to achieve larger roof spans, usually 36-72 meters which are more economical.

Single-span double-slope steel frame

Equal cross-section column, joint design with fixed bottom end, can bear larger bearing bending moment, suitable for buildings with crane load

Single-span single-slope steel frame

Small roof beam slope and single-sided roof drainage area are suitable for the needs of various types of buildings such as shopping centers, convenience stores, and fire stations.

Composite steel frame

The design of the steel structure mezzanine is suitable for the needs of various types of buildings, and it is easy to separate the space inside the building.

Multi-layer frame

The steel structure frame system has a smaller weight than the reinforced concrete system and is suitable for multi-story building structures such as workshops, warehouses, and shopping malls.

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